1. The Rise of Europe
Chapter 7
Page 212

2. Section 1 The Early Middle Ages
A. Western Europe in Decline
After collapse or Rome Western Europe declined politically, socially, and economically
500 to 1000 was known as dark ages
However, many aspects of Greco Roman, Christian, and Germanic traditions blended
Called Middle Ages

3. B. Rise of Germanic Kingdoms
Germanic tribes would conquer chunks of Roman Empire
Eventually, Franks would become most powerful
Clovis and other Germanic kings carved up Europe between 400 and 700
Became Christians and continued many aspects of Roman culture

4. C. Muslims on the rise In Arabia in the 600’s
Began spreading through middle east, Palestine, North Africa and into Spain
Charles Martel rallied Frankish warriors at battle of Tours and defeated Muslims
However, Muslims would continue to be a threat and make raids into Europe

5. D. Charlemagne Grandson of Charles Martel
Began united Europe under his control
Pope Leo III received his help so crowned him Holy Roman Emperor
Upset Eastern Byzantine Empire
Appointed local rulers to rule regions
Set out to revive classical Latin learning
Missi domnici sent out to report back on conditions of the empire

6. E. Charlemagne’s death
Charlemagne helped establish the Christian church as dominant power in Europe
His empire couldn’t withstand invasions from outsiders after his death
Muslims, Magyars, Vikings
His sons split his empire into three

7. F. Vikings Seafaring people from Scandinavia
Late 700, raided much of Europe
Expert sailors
Set up a temporary settlement in Americas
Opened up trade routes

8. Section 2 Feudalism and the Manor Economy
A. Feudalism
Because of a lack of stable gov’ts and attacks from outsiders, Feudalism would develop across Europe
Feudalism- loosely organized system based on loyalty
Vassals owe lords loyalty
Ex. Upper lord, lower lord, lower lord,
Knights owed loyalty to lords, serfs owed loyalty

9. Feudal contracts?
Fief?
More powerful lords held larger fiefs
Vassals could hold loyalty to several lords

10. B. Knights Many nobles became knights
Constant warfare, learned to fight at early age
Fought in tournaments to hone their skills
Defended the castle
Castle defenses???
Chivalry?
Troubadours

11. C. Serfs Manor was the lords estate
Worked by serfs- not slaves, but bound to the land
Worked the land and paid taxes in exchange for protection
Mutual obligations
Manors were usually self sufficient
Peasant Life??

12. Section 3 The Medieval Church
A. The Church Dominates Medieval Life
By late middle ages, Western Europe majority Christian
Sacraments administered by priests- sacred rites of Church
Bible only in Latin
People had to rely on church for salvation

13. B. Village Life Daily life centered on Christian Calendar
Easter, Christmas, holy days
Eventually, cathedrals built across Europe in gothic Style- large, towering structures
Many pilgrims encouraged to visit religious sites
Priests were men, but women could enter the nunnery

14. C. Church Power Grows
Church becomes most powerful institution in Europe
Papal Supremacy- power of pope crossed political borders
Could end disputes
Excommunicate people who disobeyed
Interdict- excommunicate whole community because of acts of leader
Assured them they were going to hell

15. D. Corruption and Reform
Soon, Church became a wealthy institution
Priest stopped adhering to three rules- poverty, chastity, and obedience
Abbot Berno set up Monastery to helping monks and nuns combat corruption in church
Gregory VII pushed for more reform
Church alone appoints church officials
Priests can’t get married

16. St. Francis of Assisi started first order of Friars
New Preaching order
Friars traveled around Europe preaching
St. Francis of Assisi started first order of Friars
Dominic Order of Friars dedicated themselves to teaching official church doctrine to combat heresies that differed from official church teachings

17. E. Jews in Medieval Europe
At first, were allowed to practice their faith
However, began to face more and more discrimination
Pretty soon, many fled to Eastern Europe to avoid persecution.

18. Section 4 Economic Recovery Sparks Change
A. Agricultural revolution
800’s, peasants began producing more crops
1. Steel plow better for European soil
2. 3 crop rotation?
More Food, Population can grow

19. B. Revival of Trade and Travel
Feudal warfare and invasions decrease
People feel safer traveling
People want goods not produced in manor
Old trade routes revive
Byzantine to Florence to Flanders to the rest of Europe
New Merchant class asked for charters- established written rights and rules

20. C. Commercial Revolution
Trade needs more money in circulation
Capital?
Merchants form partnerships. Why?
Many people become tenant farmers and merchants instead of serfs
Lords rather have tax money instead of labor

21. D. Rise of Middle Class Middle Class- Guilds-
Apprentice
Journeymen
Master
E. Town Life- many cities grew to over 10,000 people
As cities couldn’t grow out, they went up