1. Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System24
Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

2. Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Acid-fast rod; transmitted from human to human.
M. bovis: <1% U.S. cases, not transmitted from human to human.
M. avium-intracellulare complex infects people with late stage HIV infection.
Figure 24.9

3. Tuberculosis
Figure 24.10, steps 1–2

4. Tuberculosis
Figure 24.10, step 3

5. Tuberculosis
Figure 24.10, steps 4–5

6. Tuberculosis
Treatment of tuberculosis: Prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics.
Vaccines: BCG, live, avirulent M. bovis; not widely used in United States.

7. Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Tuberculin skin test screening
Positive reaction means current or previous infection
Followed by X ray or CT, acid-fast staining of sputum, culturing bacteria
Figure 24.11

8. Tuberculosis
Figure 14.10c

9. Tuberculosis
Figure 24.12

10. Pneumomoccal Pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae: Gram-positive encapsulated diplococci
Diagnosis is by culturing bacteria.
Penicillin is drug of choice.
Figure 24.13

11. Haemophilus Influenzae Pneumonia
Gram-negative coccobacillus
Alcoholism, poor nutrition, cancer, or diabetes are predisposing factors.
Second-generation cephalosporins