1. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era Moving West Moving West - Daniel Boone helped to build the Wilderness Road, which allowed settlers to move west through Kentucky - over 100,000 Americans moved West by early 1790s

2. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era New State Governments New State Governments - state governments focused on making their systems more democratic with separate branches, which would prevent the federal government from gaining too much power - although not all states had a bill of rights, they all had a republican form of government - in a republic, the people choose representatives to govern them

3. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation - in 1776, Continental Congress began to develop a plan for a national government - their final plan was the Articles of Confederation, which gave the states more power than the federal government - each state had only one vote in Congress but the national government had the power to wage war, make peace, sign treaties, & issue money

4. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era - the most important powers were left to the states: enforce national laws, set taxes, & control lands west of the Appalachian Mountains - states without access to the western lands were not willing to sign the Articles - they wouldn’t be able to pay off their debts from the war as easily as the states that could sell western lands - by 1781, all states gave up their land claims & signed the Articles of Confederation

5. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era The Northwest Ordinance The Northwest Ordinance - the most pressing question after the war was what to do about the western lands - the Land Ordinance of 1785 called for surveyors to stake out six-mile square plots, called townships, in these lands - these lands came to be known as the Northwest Territory which were Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan (see pgs. 210-211 for more info.)

6. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era - the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed territories to apply for statehood if they had 60,000 people - these territories had freedom of religion, trial by jury, slavery was outlawed, and rivers were allowed to be used for trade - the ordinance set the precedent for how territories were added as states to the country

7. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era Weaknesses of the Articles Weaknesses of the Articles - debt was a big problem for Congress and thousands of soldiers were owed a lot of $ - Congress relied on the states to send money, but they sent very little - after the Revolutionary War, most states were struggling economically

8. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era Shays’ Rebellion Shays’ Rebellion - many people were in high debt because of taxes, which were in excess of $200 a year - many in Massachusetts were put into jail because they could not pay off their debts - farmers asked the legislature for debt relief, but they refused - 1,500 men, led by war veteran Daniel Shays, rebelled in January of 1787

9. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era - Shays and his men marched on a federal arsenal in central Massachusetts, but were quickly defeated by 900 soldiers - the uprising came to be known as Shays’ Rebellion and gained the sympathy of many political leaders - leaders began thinking a stronger national government could solve the nation’s ills from the American Revolution

10. Ch.8, Sec.1 – The Confederation Era