2.  Post Roman Empire  Political decline  Social decline  Economic decline  Dark Ages  Middle Ages  500 AD to 1500 AD

4.  486, Clovis conquers Gaul  Clovis converted to Christianity  Gained allegiance of Christian Church in Rome

5.  Huge empire beginning to form  Palestine to North Africa to present day Spain

7.  Muslim army crossed into France  Charles Martel rallied Frankish warriors  Christians triumphed  Sign of God?

8.  Grandson of Charles Martel  King of Franks  Became known as Charlemagne  “Charles the Great”

9.  Asked for Charlemagne’s help against rebellious nobles in Rome  800 AD, Christmas Day  The Pope proclaimed him Emperor

10.  Flourishing  Eastern emperor saw himself as the sole Roman ruler

11.  1. "The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate," [Jacques] Cousteau told the camera. "The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity." From "Captain Cousteau," Audubon (May 1990):17.

12.  The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than anyone or anything else, America's break with the past. From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide (1989): 25.

13.  Charlemagne strove to create a unified Christian empire  Missi Dominici’s  “administer laws fully and justly in the case of the holy church”

14.  Charlemagne held education in high regards  Stressed the revival of Latin  Created local schools

15.  Extended Christian civilization  Blended Germanic, Roman, and Christian traditions  Strong and efficient governments

16.  Muslim forces  Created a stronghold in Sicily  Magyars  Present day Hungary

17.  Norway, Sweden, and Denmark  Expert sailors  Traded and sailed around Scandinavia and Mediterranean  1000 AD set up colony in North America