1. Unit 3: Chapter 3 and Europe

2. Climate and Weather Weather: the condition of the atmosphere in one place during a limited period of time. Climate: the term for the weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time.

3. Understannding Climate and Weather Earth’s Tilt and Rotation- tilt on axis of 23.5

4. Earth’s Revolution 365 days and 6 hours creates seasons Equinox- direct rays on the equator (equal day and night) The Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer- lines of Latitude. 23.5 S and 23.5 N When direct rays are on those lines, the longest day of night and day (Winter Solstice and Summer Solstice)

6. Poles- The Poles receive 6 months of sunlight and 6 months of nighttime.

7. Greenhouse Effect Part of sun’s radiation gets through the atmosphere and the heat is trapped by atmosphere which is necessary for life. Great CO2 absorbs more heat which increases the overall temperature => “Global Warming”

9. Elevation and Climate As elevation increases, the thinning air retains less heat and cools.

10. Oceans and large bodies of water change climates. The Great Conveyor Belt

11. Climate Patterns Tropical tropical rain forest- daily rain, canopy. tropical savannah- yearly grasses and trees.

12. Dry Climates desert- less than 10 inches of rain/year. steppe- between 10 and 20 inches of rain/year. Supports grassland.

13. Mid-Latitudes- Seasonal Changes marine west coast- increased atmospheric pressure due to rise in elevation; heavy precipitation; consistently cool. Mediterranean- 40 degrees (N/S). Semi-dry climate. Humid subtropical- mild winters, year long rains. Humid continental- extreme weather changes

16. High Latitudes- subarctic- permanent frozen subsoil (permafrost) begins. tundra- trees cannot take root. ice caps- glaciers are 1-2 miles deep

18. Highlands- climate determined by elevation

20. Europe In many ways, Europe’s success has been determined and driven by their access to water. Peninsulas Scandinavian- Norway, Sweden, Finland Jutland- Denmark Iberian- Spain and Portugal Apennine- Italy Balkan- South-Eastern Europe

21. Scandinavian Jutland

22. Iberian Apennine

24. Europe

25. Nations Europe is made up of over 50 different countries. Migration Cultural diffusion: spread of cultural traits from one culture to another. Conflict Created diversity of ethnic groups

26. Ethnic Groups 160 different ethnic groups in Europe What is an ethnic group? Many countries in Europe are made of one ethnicity. Why? Nationalism Tension: Majority v. Minority

27. Bosnian War Serbs v. Bosnians (Bosniaks)

28. Ancient Greece

29. City States A state with its own government which consists of city and its surrounding villages.

30. Romans

31. Roman Empire

32. Fall of Rome The Dark Ages or Medieval Europe Power Vacuum: a condition that exists when there is no legitimate central power structure leading to competition to obtain power. The most central power in Europe becomes the Catholic Church.

33. Feudalism

34. Crusades Starting in 1000 AD and ending in the late 1200’s. Campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church into Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Led to cultural diffusion => Strengthened Europe’s Economy, Academia, and led to innovation

35. Renaissance Europe’s “rebirth” Return to Classical Culture Greek and Roman

36. “Western” Movements Reformation: the reforming of the Catholic Church which led to Protestant Christian sects. Created power for the Monarchs Scientific Revolution: scientific movement that led to the end of Greek foundations and the use of the scientific method. Enlightenment: scientific principles were applied to political and social theory to improve social foundations.

37. Conflict Revolution Democracy Industrialization- Competition Military build-up Conflict- WWI and WWII

38. European Union 1950’s- Western Europe needed to rebuild after WWII Links between coal and steel industry EEC: European Economic Community EC: European Community- common trade policy and removal or trade barriers EU: European Union- no restrictions of movement of goods, services, and labor Common currency, political standards, financial standards