1. Teacher Notes
I pass out fill-in-the blank notes for students to use during the Power Point Presentation.
They are numbered to go along with each slide.
This could take about two- 50 minute class periods

2. H.W.-Project due 12/6- Read Ch. 6 Sect. 1
Study today’s notes-make flash cards or cornell notes
Warm-up # 46 Ball Drop
1-Arrange the balls on your table from least mass to greatest mass.
2-Question-If you drop the balls on the floor, which one would hit first?
3-Hypothesis: Write a hypothesis in an If...then…because... statement
(If balls with different masses are dropped, then………)
4-Experiment-test all of the balls-drop from the same height at the same time.
5-Conclusion-Write a rule that tells what happens when objects with different masses are dropped from the same height.
6- Would a crumpled up piece of paper also fall at the same time?
Try the piece of paper.

3. GPS S8P3.b Essential Questions
Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
GPS S8P3.b Essential Questions
What is the effect of gravity and air resistance on
falling objects?
Why do objects in orbit that are in free fall appear to
be weightless?
How is projectile motion affected by gravity?

4. Teacher Notes
Go to discovery.education.com
Look for videos about gravity and Newton’s laws.
Download individual clips and put them in the same file as the power point
Click on insert, then video, then choose the video from the file.
Stretch the corners out to be large enough for students to see.
All videos in this power point are from Discovery Education
In 2013, Youtube videos can also be embedded. Find the video, click on share, scroll down and choose old embed code, copy. Go to the slide in ppt. click on insert, video, choose from web, paste embed code, then save.

5. Galileo_and _speed_of_falling_objects 2:06

6. Gravity and Falling Objects
Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
Gravity and Falling Objects
2. Why do objects fall to the ground at the same rate?
Objects fall to the ground at the same rate because the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects.
3. Acceleration depends on force and mass
An object with more mass experiences a greater gravitational force and is harder to accelerate.
Why, then, does a heavier object fall with the same acceleration as a lighter object?

7. 4. A golf ball and ping pong ball are dropped at the same time.
Notice how the golf ball (more mass) takes longer to start accelerating but catches up at the end.

8. Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
5. What is acceleration? The rate at which velocity changes over time
6. How much acceleration does gravity cause? Because of gravity, all objects accelerate, or speed up, toward Earth at a rate of 9.8 meters per second per second.
This is written as 9.8 m/s/s or 9.8 m/s2. So, for every
second an object falls, its velocity (speed) increases by 9.8 m/s. This is shown in the next slide.

9. Chapter 6 Section 1 Gravity and Motion first second second second
third second

10. Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
7. Velocity of Falling Objects- You can calculate the change in velocity with the following equation:
∆v  g  t
If an object starts at rest, this equation yields the velocity of the object after a certain time period.

11. 9. Would this happen on the earth? Why or why not?
8. If a feather and a hammer are dropped on the moon, which will hit the moon first? Make a prediction.
9. Would this happen on the earth? Why or why not?

12. H.W.- Read Ch. 6-1. Study the notes from today!
Project- for the multimedia project, if you want to try something new: click on words for example
-goanimate.com
-animoto.com
-prezi.com
-glogster
These are web based and you don’t have to download them on your computer.
Take out your notes from yesterday. Use them to answer this:
Warm-up #47- If a penny is at rest and then dropped from the top of a stair well, what is it’s velocity after 2 seconds? (write out the formula and show the numbers.
C.W.- Notes on Ch. 6-1

13. Air Resistance and Falling Objects
Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
Air Resistance and Falling Objects
10 Air resistance is the force that opposes the motion of objects through air. It is a called fluid friction.
11.The amount of air resistance acting on an object depends on the size, shape, and speed of the object.
The image on the next slide shows the effects of air resistance on a falling object.

14. Physics of sky diving 3min

15. Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion

16. Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
12. Acceleration Stops at the Terminal Velocity As the speed of a falling object increases, air resistance increases.
The upward force of air resistance continues to increase until it is equal to the downward force of gravity. The object then falls at a constant velocity called the terminal velocity.
13. Terminal velocity can be a good thing. Every year, cars, buildings, and vegetation are severely damaged in hailstorms. The terminal velocity of hailstones is between 5 and 40 m/s, depending on their size. If there were no air resistance, hailstones would hit the ground at velocities near 350 m/s! About as fast as a bullet from a rifle!
Will a penny dropped from the Empire State Building shatter someone’s skull? Watch the next video to find out!

17. Myth Busters Penny drop 5 minutes

18. Mythbusters conclusion to penny drop 1:20

19. Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
14. Free Fall Occurs When There Is No Air Resistance An object is in free fall only if gravity is pulling it down and no other forces are acting on it.
A vacuum is a place in which there is no matter. Objects falling in a vacuum are in free fall because there is no air resistance.

20. Orbiting Objects Are in Free Fall
Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
15. Are astronauts weightless in space?
No because there is always gravitational pull between objects
Orbiting Objects Are in Free Fall
Astronauts float in an orbiting spacecraft because of free fall.

21. Spaced-out zero gravity shuttle in free fall

22. Chapter 6 Section 1 Gravity and Motion 16.
17. The astronauts and the space shuttle are both in free fall and affected by the same amount of gravity, that’s why astronauts don’t hit their heads on the ceiling.

23. Chapter 6 Orbiting and Centripetal Force
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
Orbiting and Centripetal Force
18. The unbalanced force that causes objects to move in a circular path is called a centripetal force.
19.Gravity provides the centripetal force that keeps objects in orbit.
20. The curved path that an objects follows when thrown or launched near the surface of the earth is projectile motion.

24. Myth Busters Centripetal force on a swing set

25. Projectile Motion and Gravity
Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
Projectile Motion and Gravity
Projectile motion is the curved path an object follows when it is thrown or propelled near the surface of the Earth.
Projectile motion has two components—horizontal motion and vertical motion. These components are independent, so they have no effect on each other.

26. Projectile Motion and Gravity, continued
Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
Projectile Motion and Gravity, continued
Horizontal Motion is a motion that is parallel to the ground.
When you throw a ball, your hand exerts a force on the ball that makes the ball move forward. This force gives the ball its horizontal motion.

27. Projectile Motion and Gravity, continued
Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion
Projectile Motion and Gravity, continued
Vertical Motion is motion that is perpendicular to the ground.
A ball in your hand is prevented from falling by your hand. After you throw the ball, gravity pulls it downward and gives the ball vertical motion.

28. Chapter 6
Section 1 Gravity and Motion

29. Quick Lab-Penny Projectile Motion-try it!
PROCEDURE
1-Position a flat ruler and two pennies on a desk or table as shown below.
2-Hold the ruler by the end that is on the desk. Move the ruler quickly in the direction shown so that the ruler knocks the penny off the table and so that the other penny also drops. Repeat this step several times.
3-Do the pennies hit the floor at the same time?

30. 21. Everything on the earth is pulled downward toward the center by
Quick Quiz on iRespond
21. Everything on the earth is pulled downward toward the center by
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice F
D0DBFD13-22EA-0044-B5A8-E B87
A.) acceleration
B.) projectile motion
C.) gravity
D.)
E.)

31. 22. Compared to a falling object, the downward acceleration of a thrown object is
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice F
996DE A4F-8E85-5E49B1A5F4AF
A.) the same
B.) faster
C.) slower
D.) constant
E.)

32. iRespond Question F
Multiple Choice
99B6B3EB-B24A-1045-B5A4-F2C9B2EFFAD2
23. If you want to hit a target with a thrown or propelled object, you must
A.) aim directly at the target
B.) aim below the target
C.) aim above the target
D.)
E.)

33. 24. Which of the following is in projectile motion?
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice F
359FEDC6-09E AC9A0AA91D6B
A.) a feather falling in a vacuum chamber
B.) a cat leaping on a toy
C.) a car driving up a hill
D.)
E.)

34. Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Bellringer
If you are sitting still in your seat on a bus that is traveling 100 km/h on a highway, is your body at rest or in motion? Explain your answer. Use a diagram if it will help make your answer clear.
Record your response in your science journal.

35. Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Objectives
Describe Newton’s first law of motion, and explain how it relates to objects at rest and objects in motion.
State Newton’s second law of motion, and explain the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.
State Newton’s third law of motion, and give examples of force pairs.

36. Click on black box to start video
Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion

37. Newton’s First Law of Motion
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion
25. An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion (at a constant speed and in a straight line) unless acted on by a force.
Newton’s first law of motion describes the motion of an object that has a net force of 0 N acting on it.

38. H. W. - study notes & vocabulary, finish project this weekend
H.W.- study notes & vocabulary, finish project this weekend! Discovery Activity Warm-up #48-Inertia Follow the directions to complete the activity. 1-place a handful of marbles in a cup and place on blue cart. 2-Place your textbook about 30cm away from the cart. 3-Write a hypothesis in an “if….then….” statement to predict what will happen to the cart and the cup if you roll the cart into the book. If the cart is rolled and hits the book, then the marbles will… 4-Test your prediction. Write down your conclusion about your hypothesis. Explain how the car moved and how the cup moved. 5- Why did the cup move differently than the cart? 6-What is Newton’s 1st Law of Motion? 7-What is inertia? 8-How does mass affect inertia?

39. Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued
Part 1: Objects at Rest Objects at rest will stay at rest unless they are acted on by an unbalanced force.
Part 2: Objects in Motion Objects will continue to move with the same velocity unless an unbalanced force acts on them.
The image on the next slide shows how you can have fun with Newton’s first law.

40. Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued

41. Crash dummies inertia http://youtu.be/d7iYZPp2zYY

42. Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued
Friction and Newton’s First Law Friction between an object and the surface it is moving over is an example of an unbalanced force that stops motion.
Inertia and Newton’s First Law Newton’s first law is sometimes called the law of inertia. Inertia is the tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion.

43. Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s First Law of Motion, continued
Mass and Inertia Mass is a measure of inertia. An object that has a small mass has less inertia than an object that has a large mass.
So, changing the motion of an object that has a small mass is easier than changing the motion of an object that has a large mass.

44. The greater the mass, the greater the inertia!
Now that’s inertia!!!

45. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
26. The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
Newton’s second law describes the motion of an object when an unbalanced force acts on the object.

46. Newton’s Second Law

47. Newton’s Second Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion, continued
Part 1: Acceleration Depends on Mass The acceleration of an object decreases as its mass increases Its acceleration increases as its mass decreases.
28. Part 2: Acceleration Depends on Force An object’s acceleration increases as the force on the object increases. The acceleration of an object is always in the same direction as the force applied.

48. Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion

49. Newton’s Second Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Second Law of Motion, continued
Expressing Newton’s Second Law Mathematically The relationship of acceleration (a) to mass (m) and force (F) can be expressed mathematically with the following equation: m a = F , or 

50. Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion

51. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

52. Newton’s 3rd Law

53. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
29. Newton’s third law of motion can be simply stated as follows: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

54. Newton’s Third Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion, continued
Force Pairs Do Not Act on the Same Object A force is always exerted by one object on another object. This rule is true for all forces, including action and reaction forces.
Action and reaction forces in a pair do not act on the same object. If they did, the net force would always be 0 N and nothing would ever move!

55. Newton’s Third Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion, continued
All Forces Act in Pairs—Action and Reaction Newton’s third law says that all forces act in pairs. When a force is exerted, there is always a reaction force.

56. Newton’s Third Law of Motion, continued
Chapter 6
Section 2 Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third Law of Motion, continued
The Effect of a Reaction Can Be Difficult to See When an object falls, gravity pulls the object toward Earth and pulls Earth toward the object.
You don’t notice Earth being pulled upward because the mass of Earth is much larger than the mass of the object. Thus, the acceleration of Earth is much smaller than the acceleration of the object.

57. The Law of Conservation of Momentum
Chapter 6
Section 3 Momentum
The Law of Conservation of Momentum
The law of conservation of momentum states that any time objects collide, the total amount of momentum stays the same.
Objects “Sticking Together” After two objects stick together, they move as one object. The mass of the combined objects is equal to the masses of the two objects added together.
Newton’s Cradle Demo- drag ball to operate

58. The Law of Conservation of Momentum, continued
Chapter 6
Section 3 Momentum
The Law of Conservation of Momentum, continued
The combined objects have a different velocity because momentum is conserved and depends on mass and velocity.
So, when the mass changes, the velocity must change, too.

59. The Law of Conservation of Momentum, continued
Chapter 6
Section 3 Momentum
The Law of Conservation of Momentum, continued
Objects Bouncing Off Each Other When two objects bounce off each other, momentum is usually transferred from one object to the other.
The transfer of momentum causes the objects to move in different directions at different speeds.

60. The Law of Conservation of Momentum, continued
Chapter 6
Section 3 Momentum
The Law of Conservation of Momentum, continued
Conservation of Momentum and Newton’s Third Law Conservation of momentum can be explained by Newton’s third law.
30. Because action and reaction forces are equal and opposite, momentum is neither gained or lost in a collision.

61. The mythbusters tested Newton’s Cradle and tried to make one out of demolition balls.

63. Chapter 6 Concept Mapping
Forces and Motion
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the Concept Mapping on the next slide.
force
free fall
terminal velocity
projectile motion
air resistance
gravity

64. Chapter 6
Forces and Motion

65. Chapter 6
Forces and Motion