1. MICRO AIR VEHICLES

2. WHAT ARE MAVS(  AV’S)? Multi functional, militarily capable, small flight vehicles. size should be less than15cms. Reynolds's no < 10^5. For a Primarily intended and developed for defence applications.

7. WHY MAV’S? WHY NOT SOMETHING BIGGER?  Keeps security personnel out of harms by providing situational awareness right down to platoon level.  Direct connectivity  Can be individually controlled  Can be used for a wide range of new missions _ (even unthought-of before  )

8. APPLICATIONS  Reconnaissance  Surveillance  Defence applications  Weather forecast  Wildlife study &photography  Crowd control  Targeting  Border surveillance  Traffic monitoring  Tracking criminals & illegal activities  Biochemical sensing  inspection of pipes

9. OVER THE HILL RECONNAISSANCE

10. MOTHER BIRD APPROACH

11. Tracking of chemicals

12. MAIN SUB SYSTEMS 1. FLIGHT CONTROL 2. PROPULSION SYSTEM 3. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 4. GUIDANCE&NAVIGATION

13. MAV flight regime compared with existing flight vehicles

14. FLIGHT CONTROL&AERODYNAMICS  Reynolds's no:= inertia force/viscous force  Low Reynolds's no: flights may have lift to drag ratio of 5 to 10.  The best aspect ratios usually lie between 1&2  Angle of attack should be 5-12° for good endurance.  If angle of attack <5, low aerodynamic efficiency  Endurance=  /power requirement  For optimal endurance the mav should fly at7°

15. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE CONTROL  Use strategies using MEMS  Create &install tiny sensors  miniature actuators  Flow character controlled by sensor arrays  Flexible membranes or micro flaps to affect the flow as required  Micro motors piezoelectric devices magneto elastic ribbons

16. WING DESIGN AND FABRICATION  Types of wings  wing shapes  Composite materials,  Carbon fibres  carbon fibre-balsawood sand witches are commonly used

18. Inflatable wing  Distend (fill) with air or gas  Application in UAV, military  To stow the wings  Can be launched from gun or aircraft

19. Advantages of aircrafts with inflatable wings  Can be packed to 1/10 of original size  Low mass  Low power requirements  High reusability  It can be steered, accelerated, and decelerated in level flight.  High stability and control  High lift and slow landing speed

20. Experiment on inflatable wing  Experiment conducted using I 2000  It was launched from 800-1000 feet  Inflatable wings comes out in 1\3 sec  Successfully controlled the launch,flight and landing

21. Controlling of wing by using piezoelectric material  by using piezoelectric material

22.  actuator can be quartz and substrate can be aluminum or steel  inflatable wings has smooth surface so low value of skin friction

23. I-2000 & X-24A  Both have inflatable wing  I-2000 is UAV  X-24A is manned

24. Disadvantages  They are not self powered  Cannot launch from ground  There are chances of air bag buckling

25. PROPULSION SYSTEM  Propulsion system alone consumes 90% of total power  Lithium alkaline batteries  IC engines  Reciprocating chemical muscle  Lithium battery that recharges using solar energy and fuel cells are also future prospects  Self consuming systems

27. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM  A video/still camera,  various sensors,  micro processors,  Transducers  & an omni directional antennae

28. GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION  A combination of GPS+inertial sensing is ideal  Geographical information system to provide a map terrain for infrastructure would be great  Pressure sensors

29. MAV SYSTEM INTEGRATION