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Chapter 6: Sub-Saharan Africa
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Learning Objectives Outline the factors that contribute to the region’s rich natural resources. Describe the elements that create coherence in this culturally diverse region. Understand the complex interactions between population, the natural environment and economic development for Sub-Saharan Africa. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Key Concepts Gondwanaland Desertification Transhumance Famine Biofuels
Density Physiological and Agricultural HIV/AIDS Swidden Agriculture Pastoralism Tsetse Flies Apartheid Berlin Conference Homelands Townships Pan-African Movement African Union Tribalism Refugees/Internally Displaced Persons Structural Adjustment Programs Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Setting the Boundaries
Africa south of the Sahara Desert Similar livelihood systems Shared colonial experience Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Sub-Saharan Africa Figure 6.1
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Environmental Issues - Overview
Figure 6.3 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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The Sahel and Desertification
Figure 6.4 Sahel Transitional Zone Prolonged Drought Human Impacts Overgrazing Agricultural Expansion Famine Figure 6.5 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Deforestation Figure 6.6 Aggravates soil erosion, moisture loss and shortage of biofuels Impact on wildlife habitat Figure 6.7 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Wildlife Conservation
Wildlife Reserves East Africa Southern Africa CITES Ban on Ivory Trade Figure 6.8 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Physical Setting Figure 6.9
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Plateaus and Basins “Plateau Continent”
Figure 6.10 “Plateau Continent” Gradually uplifted with break-up of Gondwanaland Figure 6.11 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Climate Imagine you are traveling from the
Equator to the Tropic of Capricorn. Describe the biomes you would travel through based on climatic information. Figure 6.13 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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African Biomes Figure 6.14 – Savannas Figure 6.15 – Deserts
Tropical Forests Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Population and Settlement
Why would physiological or agricultural density tell us more about population pressure on land resources than population density alone? Figure 6.18 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Demographic Indicators – Fertility
Why would family size differ from region to region? Figure 6.16 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
What are some of the impacts of high HIV/AIDS infection rates in southern Africa? Figure 6.17 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Settlement Patterns - Rural
Figure 6.19 Subsistence Agriculture Swidden Plantation Agriculture Pastoralism Tsetse Flies Figure 6.20 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Urban Settlement – Where?
Rapidly growing Refer back to Fig. 1.27 Ancient Cities Colonial Cities Ethnic and Religious Influences Trade Networks Downtown Lagos, Nigeria Figure 6.21 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Accra, Ghana—Then and Now
Figure 6.4.1 Figure 6.4.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Urban Legacies of Apartheid
Figure 6.22 – Racial Segregation in Cape Town Figure 6.23 – Residential Integration in Cape Town Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Cultural Coherence and Diversity
Sub-Saharan African identity Slavery Colonialism Struggles for independence and development Diverse religious and language systems Common History Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Linguistic Diversity Figure 6.24 Figure 6.26 – South African Road Sign
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Religious Diversity Figure 6.27 Figure 6.28 Figure 6.29
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Geopolitical Framework - African Kingdoms
Figure 6.33 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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European Imprint Early European contact Berlin Conference (1884)
Figure 6.34 Early European contact Limited by endemic diseases Berlin Conference (1884) Pan-African Movement Decolonization and Independence Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Establishing South Africa
Homelands Townships Apartheid Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Supranational Organizations
Figure 6.37 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Political Conflict Legacies of colonial boundaries Ethnic Conflicts
Figure 6.5.1 Legacies of colonial boundaries Tribalism vs. the State (Refer back to Fig. 1.41) Ethnic Conflicts Secessionist Movements Darfur Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Conflict and Population Movements
Figure 5.28 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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African Poverty Failed development policies Food Policies Corruption
Figure 6.41 – Lack of Infrastructure Failed development policies Debt Structural Adjustment Programs Food Policies Corruption Figure 6.42 – Uncompetitive Industry Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Sub-Saharan Africa and the Global Economy Aid vs. Investment
Figure 6.44 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Economic Differentiation
Figure 6.46 – Internet Café in Abidjan, Ivory Coast Figure – Used Clothing Trade Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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Social Development Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
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