1. Biomes & Succession Environmental Science

2. Review Organism Organization ▪M▪M olecules ▪C▪C ells ▪(▪( Tissue  Organ  Organ system) ▪O▪O rganisms ▪P▪P opulation ▪C▪C ommunity ▪E▪E cosystem ▪B▪B iome ▪B▪B iosphere Large region characterized by its particular climate and plant/animal communities A global ecosystem

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4. Terrestrial Biomes Climate determines how biomes are distributed. Species (plants/animals)are adapted for particular climates.

5. Major Factors: precipitation & temperature

7. Climate is determined by latitude and altitude Latitude– distance from equator Altitude– height above sea level As latitude and altitude increase, average temperatures decrease.

8. Tropical Rain Forest Most biodiverse terrestrial biome Canopy & understory High precipitation, high temperatures

9. Savanna Equatorial Seasonal precipitation Warm, stable temperatures Grazing animals

10. Desert Very low precipitation Varying temperatures

11. Chaparral Hot & dry Fires are common

12. Temperate Grasslands Variable temperature & precipitation Prone to fires Very fertile soil (due to short life-span of grasses)

13. Temperate Forest (deciduous) Varying temperatures & precipitation Trees shed their leaves in fall

14. Coniferous Forest (Taiga) Very cold Only snow Conifers (evergreens) aka “Boreal”

15. Tundra Very low precipitation Very low temperatures Permafrost

16. Aquatic Biomes/Ecosystems

17. Freshwater Factors that determine characteristics: oxygen, temperature, pH, sunlight, nutrients Photosynthesis occurs mostly near the surface Colder water holds more oxygen Quickly moving water holds more oxygen

18. Lake Zones

19. Wetlands (swamps, marshes, estuaries) Areas that are covered by water at least part of the year Nature’s filters

20. Marine Ecosystems (coral reefs, open oceans, tidal areas, coast) Photosynthesis on the surface and in shallow areas

21. Marine Zones

22. Eutrophication 1.Excess nutrients from pollutants… fertilizers, detergents, organic materials. 2.Algal bloom 3.Algae grow…..algae die 4.Bacteria & other decomposers thrive, robbing other organisms of oxygen

23. Succession – gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in an ecosystem ▪ Species that are more adapted for survival can replace the previous species ▪ The ecosystem can over time change to another type of ecosystem

24. Title and Content Layout with Chart

25. Primary Succession– a new ecosystem forms where there has never been an ecosystem before New land… a glacier recedes or volcanic lava forms new land

26. Secondary Succession– an ecosystem goes through trauma or change, becomes new ecosystem Fire impacts the ecosystem, causes decades-long change