1. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

2. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

3. Soil moisture variability 19 Illinois stations, 1981-2004 Median σ model / σ obs : 0.44 Bondville, IL 1m Soil Moisture anomaly (mm)

4. Soil moisture variability Rooting zone soil moisture variability increased globally Appears to alleviate vegetation overproductivity of mid-latitude FLUXNET sites in CN mode? Recover seasonal soil moisture stress  impact on variability of surface turbulentfluxes 19 Illinois stations, 1981-2004 Median σ model / σ obs : 0.44 0.72 Bondville, IL 1m Soil Moisture anomaly (mm)

5. Land-atmosphere coupling strength: Influence of soil moisture on climate Globally averaged ∆Ω PrecipSurface evaporation Pattern correlation ∆Ω(P) vs ∆Ω(E)

6. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

7. Results from Community Snow Project: Snow Cover Fraction Community Snow - Obs Control - Obs Community Snow - ControlReduced or Increased Bias Western Siberia

8. Results from Community Snow Project: Surface air temperature (ANN) Community Snow - ObsControl - Obs Community Snow - Control Reduced or Increased Bias Western Siberia T air (land): RMSE 2.78 o C  2.56 o C, Bias 0.59 o C  0.43 o C Climate sensitivity: +0.2 to +0.3 o C

9. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

10. Urbanizing CLM Gridcell GlacierWetlandLake Landunits Vegetated PerviousShaded Wall RoofSunlit Wall Impervious Urban Canyon Floor Industrial High Density Suburban

11. Urban Heat Island as a function of H/W, meteorological conditions, rural environment Heat island increases with increasing height to width ratio Daily min temperatures increase more than daily max temperatures resulting in reduced diurnal temperature range The magnitude of the heat island varies tremendously (dots) depending on prevailing meteorological conditions and characteristics of surrounding rural environments These are known features of the urban environment that are captured by the model

12. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

13. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

14. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

15. Annual cycle-depth soil temperature plots Siberia SOILCARB + DEEP SOIL Lawrence et al., 2007

16. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

17. LMWG progress towards CLM4 –Soil hydrology CLM3.5 major improvement over CLM3 (partitioning of ET into transpiration, soil evap, canopy evap; seasonal soil water storage) … but solutions created root zone soil moisture variability problem –Snow model snow cover fraction, snow burial fraction, snow compaction, SNICAR: snow age and albedo, vertically resolved heating, aerosol deposition –Urban model simulate urban heat island –Integration of CLM-CN with CLM-DGVM, land use carbon fluxes allows full participation in AR5, shrub vegetation type added –Organic soil –Deep soil column (15 level, 50m) longer spinup time, soil can and does accumulate more heat –Fine mesh – high resolution land and downscaling –Greenland Ice sheet model CLM physics changes mostly complete, coupling between CLM and GLIMMER ongoing

18. LMWG progress towards CLM4 Possible –Prognostic canopy airspace improves computational efficiency, storage of heat, moisture, carbon in plant canopy –Irrigation + global Integrated crop model simulate growth, development, and management of crops –Minor changes roughness length sparse/dense canopy; CCSM stability function; reference height –Dynamic wetlands (lakes) –Methane wetland emission model

19. SOILCARB – CONTROL (JJA)