1. SOIL

2. Soil: is a mixture of weathered rock particles and other materials.

3. Soil Composition Weathered rock particles –65-75% Organic matter (humus) –5% Water Air –Together make up 20-30%

4. Factors that determine soil in an area. Kind of rock Climate or overall weather pattern Landforms, such as mountains or valleys Plant coverage Animal or organisms Time

5. Composition of soil determines What you can grow in it What you can build on it What happens to the rainwater that falls on it.

6. Soil Horizon Layers of soil with properties that differ from those of the layers above or below it. –A–A horizon –B–B horizon –C–C horizon

7. Climate and landforms affect soil Climate influences the characteristics and thickness of the soil that develops from weathered rock Soil is going to vary from mountains to valleys.

8. Tropical Soil Tropical soils form in warm, rainy regions. Heavy rains wash away minerals, leaving only a thin surface layer of humus. Tropical soild are not suitable for growing most crops.

9. Desert Soils Desert soils form in dry regions. These soils are shallow and contain little organic matter. Because of the low rainfall, chemical weathering and soil formation occur very slowly in desert regions.

10. Temperate Soils Temperate soils form in regions with moderate rainfall and temperatures. Some temperate soils are dark-colored, rich in organic matter and minerals, and good for growing crops.

11. Arctic Soils Arctic soils form in cold, dry regions where chemical weathering is slow. They typically do not have well-developed horizons. Arctic soils contain a lot of rock fragments.

13. Activity of organisms affect soil. Plant Microorganisms Animals

14. Properties of soil Texture Color Pore space Chemistry