1. CHAPTER 3 – LOCATING PLACES ON A MAP
Cities
Pin point places in google maps

2. CHAPTER 3-Locating Places on a Map
Compass Points and Bearings
Compass Points
North, East, South and West
Combinations of above (i.e. WSW)
Remember: “Never Eat Salt Water” for the proper order

3. Compass Bearings In degrees going clockwise from 00 to 3600 3600 00
3150
450
900
2700
2250
1350
1800

4. Magnetic North vs. North Pole
The Earth's magnetic field is shaped approximately like that of a bar magnet and, like a magnet, it has two magnetic poles, one in the Canadian arctic, referred to as the North Magnetic Pole, and one off the coast of Antarctica, south of Australia, referred to as the South
Magnetic Pole.
- The North Magnetic Pole is slowly drifting across the Canadian Arctic. The Geological Survey of Canada keeps track of this motion by periodically carrying out magnetic surveys to re-determine the Pole's location. The most recent survey, completed in May, 2001, determined an updated position for the Pole and established that it is moving approximately northwest at 40 km per year. The observed position for 2001and estimated positions for 2002 to 2005 are given in the table.
- Source: National Resources Canada (2005) Retrieved on: Jan From:
Compasses do not always point to the north pole
They point to magnetic north
This point moves over time and to make compasses accurate you need to adjust declination

5. Movement of the Magnetic North Pole

6. Magnetic Declination
The angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and true
Needs to be adjusted on manual compasses
To compensate for the discrepancy between true north (the pole) and magnetic north

7. Grid References
May contain a number and letter to indicate a corresponding place on the map for reference
May use just numbers
Often uses actual degrees East and North

8. Grid References What is the grid reference for: Doritos? Answer = B5
Ice Cream?
Answer = D1
Classic Coke?
Answer = C3
Pizza Hut?
Answer = E5
Tootsie Roll?
Answer = A3
Source: Junk Food Island (2005) Retrieved on Jan From: MAPS&GLOBES/Grid.html

9. Mapping Symbols
Other symbols can be found on page 35 of the text. Contact Canada or in the class atlas.
Source:
Legends will differ depending on the purpose of the map
The color blue should always be reserved for water

10. Eastings and Northings
Four-figure grid reference is calculated by listing the eastings and northings
Always list eastings before northings (alphabetical order)
This gives you a simple four digit location

11. Eastings and Northings
Six-figure grid reference is more accurate
This system further breaks down each grid into tenths
This requires some calculation by the researcher
Source: Retrieved on Jan From: ~james.head/hashwebsite/ha

12. Your Turn What is the six-figure reference of Y? Y = 220520
What is the location of X?
X =
What is the location of B?
B =
Source:

13. Latitude & Longitude
Latitude & Longitude form a grid around the earth which we can use to give specific directions. They measure angular distanced from of places north or south of the equator (latitude) and they measure angular distances east and west of the prime meridian (longitude).
These grid co-ordinates are the foundation for finding absolute location
Source:

14. Finding your way around a map
Latitude: imaginary horizontal lines showing positions, measured in degrees, north and south of the Equator
Longitude: imaginary vertical lines drawn between the poles showing positions, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds east and west from the Prime Meridian
Equator: the 00 line of latitude that circles the earth from west to east
Prime Meridian: the 00 line of longitude that circles the earth from north to south
Source: Cartwright, F., Birchall, G., Pierce, G. (1999) Contact Canada third edition, Don Mills: Oxford

15. Latitude & Longitude Prime Meridian is also called the Greenwich Line
Why does the Prime Meridian go through Greenwich, England? Discuss colonial legacy and the fact that England governed as much as 75% of the world when this system was established.
Discuss the fastest way to cross through the time zones. At the poles.
Source: Retrieved on Jan From: tutorial/instructions.html
Prime Meridian is also called the Greenwich Line

16. Latitude & Longitude
Latitude and Longitude when used together are called co-ordinates
In the back of each atlas you will find a gazetteer (Canada first and then the World)
The gazetteer can be used along with co-ordinates to find the location of a place on the map

17. Latitude & Longitude
Absolute location is the name given to a location based on co-ordinates (Ottawa is ’N ’W)
Relative location is the location of a place based on its proximity to another fixed point (next to the car wash)
Source: Cartwright, F., Birchall, G., Pierce, G. (1999) Contact Canada third edition, Don Mills: Oxford

18. Longitude (Meridians)
North – South
00 = Prime Meridian (Greenwich Line)
International Date Line 1800
Source: Retrieved on Jan From: pwatch/globe2.jpg

19. Latitude Latitude (Parallels) East – West 00 = Equator
900 N = North Pole
23.50 N = Tropic of Cancer
66.50 N = Arctic Circle

20. Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
Tropics are the farthest lines of latitude north and south that the sun can be directly over that line on June the 21st in the north (Cancer) and December 21st in the south (Capricorn)
Arctic and Antarctic Circles: On June 21st all areas north of the Arctic have 24 hours of daylight and on December 21st south of the Antarctic Circle all areas have 24 hours of sunlight.

21. Latitude & Longitude
degrees of latitude are 111 km apart so we have subdivided these spaces further into minutes in order to more accurately pinpoint locations
Using Ottawa as an example again, it is located at 45 24N 75 38W. (It can also be written as ’ N ’ W.) The first number is in degrees the second is in minutes. To locate a point accurately there is often a third number (seconds) shown as 23”… ’ 22” N

22. Latitude and Longitude
Source: Unprojected Latitude and Longitude (2005) Retrieved on Jan From:
Latitude indicated by N or S
Longitude indicated by E or W

23. HEMISPHERS Northern Hemisphere Prime Meridian Equator
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere

24. Time Zones The world is divided up into 24 time zones
Imagine if every train station had there own time?
How do you think people judged the time before an international time zone system was in place? A: Set time by the sun
Who was responsible for establishing the time zone system? A: Sir Sandford Flemming
Make mention of irregularities such as Newfoundland.
Image Source: Retrieved on Jan16-05 From: fuseaux.htm
The world is divided up into 24 time zones
The 0’ line runs through Greenwich England
The International Dateline runs through the Pacific Ocean (when you cross this line you change the day)

25. Time Zones
Time zone: a division of the earths surface, usually extending across 15’ longitude, that establishes a uniform time
Proposed by Canadian railway planner Sir Sandford Fleming in the late 1870’s
Before ‘standard time’ people set their clock by the sun (high noon)
Time zones are later as you move east, earlier as you move west
In Canada there are 6 time zones
Sources: Cartwright, F., Birchall, G., Pierce, G. (1999) Contact Canada third edition, Don Mills: Oxford
Inventors (2005) Retrieved on Jan From:

26. Mind Newfoundland
Source: NRC (2005) Retrieved on Jan From:

27. Canadian Time Zones West to East
Pacific Standard Time (PST) 12:00
Mountain Standard Time (MST) 1:00
Central Standard Time (CST) 2:00
Eastern Standard Time (EST) 3:00
Atlantic Standard Time (AST) 4:00
Newfoundland Standard Time (NST)
4:30