1. The Colonies Become New Nations
Chapter 18

2. The Indian Subcontinent
Section 1

3. Discuss 1. Who had colonies? 2. What are colonies?
3. Name some of the colonies.
After dictators had been defeated, people say colonies should not exist
War debt

5. Independence Indians fight for the British in World War II
Gandhi leads noncooperation movement

6. Independence 350 million Congress Party 100 million Muslim League
Hindus
Muslims
350 million
Congress Party
100 million
Muslim League
Leader = Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Congress Party = the national political party

7. Independence Britain has war debts
Muslims do not want independence with Hindu dominated govt.
Riots between Hindus and Muslims
Partition = divide India into 2 nations
India – Hindu
Pakistan = Muslim
1947 – Britain says two nations will be created in one month

8. Independence
10 million people on the move
1 million die

9. Independence Gandhi asks Hindus to treat Muslims better
He is killed in 1948

10. The Battle for Kashmir Hindu leader with a majority Muslim pop.
UN arranges cease fire – they still fight over it today

11. Modern India Independent 1947 Nehru = first prime minister Democratic
Neutral during the Cold War

12. Modern India 1974 – nuclear weapon
Indira Gandhi is assassinated by Sikh extremists who want their own nation
1998 – Pakistan has a nuke

13. Pakistan
1971 – Civil War – East Pakistan breaks away from West Pakistan and calls itself Bangladesh
Bangladesh is helped by India
Pakistan loses
Bangladesh’s economy struggles

14. Sri Lanka Former British colony Buddhists vs. Hindus
Civil war continues today

15. Annotation Notes (First Servant of the Indian People)
Underline major points using a pen/pencil
Circle key words/phrases that are confusing
Use margin to write quotations, connections, surprises, etc.

16. Get into groups Reread paragraph 2
What does he mean when he says “rid ourselves of the burden of the past?”

17. Reread paragraph 3
What responsibilities is he referring to?

18. Reread paragraph 7
How does the Indian government plan to solve its economic problems?

19. Reread paragraph 8
What are the conflicts he is referring to?

20. Southeast Asia - Independence
Section 2

21. The U.S. and the Philippines
1946 – Independence
Bell Act = free trade between the two countries and U.S. will send $620 million
U.S. keeps military bases until 1992

22. The Philippines
Ferdinand Marcos ( ) – steals hundreds of millions $
Corazon Aquino ( )– more democratic govt. and new constitution
Moro National Liberation Front – radical Muslims gain their own region in the south

23. Burma (Myanmar) Independence (1948) - British
Communists and ethnic minorities
Military govt. prevents democratic leader Aung San Suu Kyi from leading

24. Malaysia Former British colony Many ethnic groups
Malaya, Sarawak, Sabah
Singapore forms its own
country

26. Indonesia Independence from the Dutch in 1949
300 ethnic groups, 250 languages
Sukarno = tries to build democratic nation
Suharto = general puts down the rebellion and takes control -> kills a million people -> corrupt,

27. East Timor
2002 – independence from Indonesia after much bloodshed and UN intervention

28. Assignment Pp. 575 Questions 1-5 On the top of your paper Name Period
Questions 1-5 pp. 575

29. Conflicts in the Middle East
Section 4

30. Israel

31. Arabs – conquered the area in 600 A.D.
Israel
Jews
Palestinians
3,000 years ago Jewish kings ruled from Jerusalem
Land has belonged to them since the Jews were driven out in A.D. 135
Arabs – conquered the area in 600 A.D.

32. Israel
Jewish people settled in different countries (Diaspora) starting around A.D. 135
Late 1800s – Zionists (Jews who wanted their own country) returned to Palestine
Britain took control of the region after WWI

33. Israel
1917 – Balfour Declaration – the idea to create a Jewish country fails
After WWII – the U.S. and European nations feel sympatric toward the Jewish people
UN – 1947 – Palestine is divided into a Jewish state and Palestinian state
Jews = 35% of pop. and 55% of land

34. Israel All Islamic countries voted against its creation
1948 – Israel is created

35. Israel vs. Arab States
Day after Israel obtains independence they are invaded
Israel wins
Palestinians do not obtain land to create their own country
Palestinians rejected to having only part of the mandate
Israel seized half the land
Arab nations took other parts

36. 1956 Suez Crisis
Israel defeats Egyptians but UN gives control of the canal back to Egypt

37. Arab-Israeli Wars Egypt plans attack on Israel
Six Day War
Egypt plans attack on Israel
Israel defeats Egypt and its allies
Palestinians who lived outside Jerusalem were not offered Israeli citizenship

38. Arab-Israeli Wars
1973 – Yom Kippur War
Arabs lose

39. Palestine Liberation Organization
Israel keeps a lot of Palestinian land for national security
PLO is formed in 1964 = want the creation of a Palestinian country
Achieve their goal by attacking Israel

40. Camp David Accords
American Pres. Jimmy Carter invites Israeli and Egyptian leader to his camp
Israel agrees to return the Sinai Peninsula
Egypt recognizes Israel as legitimate country

41. Issues with the Palestinians
Many Palestinians lived in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (occupied by Israel)
Intifada = uprising against Israel
After a lot of fighting Israel withdraws from several Palestinian regions

42. New Nations in Africa
Section 3

43. What does Africa look like in the 1800s?

45. Independence
After WWII, Europeans are more likely to grant independence
Many Africans helped Europeans fight in WWII
Problems
Europeans created artificial borders
Traditional ethnic enemies locked into the same country
Create new economies

46. Ghana 1957 – Kwame Nkrumah attains independence from British
Mostly non-violent
New roads, schools, health care facilities hurt the economy
Military take over in 1966
First open elections in 2000

47. Kenya Violence = 10,000 Africans die fighting the British
Led by Jomo Kenyatta and Mau Mau (farmers using guerrilla tactics)
1963 – independence
Ethnic problems
Free elections in 2002

48. Algeria 1 million French colonists live in Algeria
After WWII they do not want to grant independence
Violence
Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) wins in 1962
Fight for power continues between Islamic militants and military govt.

49. Congo Belgians took most of their rubber and copper
Civil war takes place after independence
Mobutu (army officer) seizes power in 1965
One party rule for 32 years
Temporary peace currently

50. Angola Portuguese colony Bloody war until 1972
Civil war between communists and non-communists ends in 2002

51. Rwanda
Independence 1962
30 year fight between Hutus and Tutsis (2 main ethnic groups)
Rwandan president (Hutu) died in a mysterious plane crash
Hutus slaughtered about 1 million Tutsis

52. In Their Own Words - Procedure
Break into groups of 3-4
Read and annotate each document independently
As a group you will answer the guiding questions
As a class we will share our responses to the discussion questions

53. Annotation Notes Underline major points using a pen/pencil
Circle key words/phrases that are confusing
Use margin to write quotations, connections, surprises, etc.

54. Annotate – The Perpetrator
Independently

55. Guiding Questions with Group

56. The Perpetrator Paragraph 7-8 Why did Pacifique confess?
Reconciliation = the restoration of friendly relations

57. Annotate - The Victim
Independently

58. Guiding Questions with Group

59. The Victim Paragraphs 4-6
What does she think about the men who killed her family members?

60. Annotate – The Activist
Independently

61. Guiding Questions with Group

62. The Activist Paragraph 5
What do the Rwandans need to know? Why do they need to know this?

63. Annotate – Bill Clinton
Independently

64. Guiding Questions
With your group

65. Bill Clinton Discussion – in depth
What do you know about the tribal tensions between the Tutsis and Hutus?

66. Central Asia Struggles
Section 5

67. Describe how Kazakhstan is portrayed

69. Soviet Union Collapses
1991
15 independent
nations emerge
- Transcaucasian Republics
- Central Asian Republics

71. Why do they struggle?

72. Economic Problems Azerbaijan oil Previously helped by the Soviet Union
Soviets made them grow cotton “white gold” and not much else
Azerbaijan oil

73. Ethnic Problems Soviet Union prevented ethnic fights from occurring
Azerbaijan = mostly Muslim country with some Armenian Christians fight from

75. Afghanistan
Britain fought three wars for control of the borders of its Indian Empire
British leave in 1919
Short experience with democracy
Military leaders with ties to the Soviet Union take over in 1979
Many Afghans felt communist policies conflicted with teachings of Islam

76. Afghanistan
Mujahedeen – holy warriors/rebel forces – fight against the Soviet- supported govt.
Soviet Union sends their tanks in
Mujahedeen – use guerilla tactics and are helped by the U.S.
Soviet Union leaves after a ten year war

77. Taliban Afghan rebel groups fight for control
Taliban, a conservative Islamic group, wins
Bring order and business growth
Extreme interpretation of Islamic law: women cannot go to school, modern t.v. is banned
Punishment = execution, amputation

78. Taliban
Gave terrorist leaders like Osama bin Laden and other al-Qaeda members refuge after 9/11
U.S. attacked after bin Laden was not handed over to us
Taliban is driven from power
Now = ?