1. Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 1 ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Day 1: September 7, 2011 Introduction and Overview

2. Questions How fast can my computer run? –What limits this speed? –What can I do to make it run faster? How can I extend the battery life on my gadget? –How much energy must my computation take? How small can I make a memory? –Why does DRAM need to be refreshed? Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 2

3. Questions How many bits/second can I send over a link? –What limits this? –How do I maximize? How does technology scaling change these answers? What can I rely on technology to deliver? Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 3

4. Outline Motivating Questions What this course is about Objectives What you need to know Structure Policies Content Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 4

5. Deconstruction Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 5 Look below the gates …transistors, resistance, capacitance, inductance… Abstract and predict Create Make efficient (fast,low energy,small) Compute, store, transmit binary values (0s, 1s)

6. What course about What Computer Engineers need to know about the physical properties in order to design efficient digital circuits Physical Properties –Delay, Energy (Power), Area, Reliability Efficient –Fast, Low Energy, Small, Won’t Fail (very often) Digital Circuits –Computation, Storage, Communication Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 6

7. What course is about Modeling and abstraction –Predict circuit behavior –Well enough to know our design will work –…with specific properties Speed, energy, …. –Well enough to reason about design and optimization What knob can I turn to make faster? How much faster can I expect to make it? Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 7

8. What course is about Modeling and abstraction –Back-of-the-envelope Simple enough to reason about –…without a calculator… –Sensitive to phenomenology Able to think through the details –With computer assistance …understanding even that is a simplified approximation Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 8

9. 9 You are here. ESE205/215, ESE319 ESE218 Phys151 ESE170 (ESE200) CIS240 CIS371, ESE534 CIS380 CIS120

10. Objectives Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 10

11. You will learn disciplines for robust digital logic and signaling –(e.g., restoration, clocking, handshaking) where delay, energy, area, and noise arises in gates, memory, and interconnect how to model these physical effects –back-of-the-envelope design (e.g. RC and Elmore delay) –detailed simulation (e.g. SPICE) Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 11

12. You will learn the nature of tradeoffs in optimization –Among delay, energy, area, noise how to design and optimize –logic, memory, and interconnect structures –at the gate, transistor, and wire level how technology scales – and its impact on digital circuits and computer systems Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 12

13. What you Need to Know coming in to this course Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 13

14. What you need to know See pages linked from course page CIS170 –Gates, Boolean logic, DeMorgan’s, optimization CIS215 –RLC circuit analysis –Diagnostic Quiz next time – end of class Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 14

15. Structure Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 15

16. Structure MWF Lecture Reading from text 4 lecture periods  Lab –3 Detkin See phenomena first hand before simulate –1 Ketterer  SPICE Intro Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 16

17. SPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis –Industry standard analog circuit simulator –Non-linear, differential equation solver specialized for circuits Integrated circuits – simply impractical to build to debug –Must simulate to optimize/validate design Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 17

18. Structures Homeworks – week long (6 total) Projects – two weeks long (3 total) –Design oriented –On three main topics Computation Storage Communication Two midterms Final Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 18

19. Admin Won’t bring printouts to class Use course calendar –Lectures online before class (most of the time) –Homeworks linked Homework 1 out soon (tied to first lab visit) –Reading specified Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 19

20. Policies Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 20

21. Policies See web page for details Turnin homework on blackboard –No handwritten homework –Use CAD Tools for circuit drawings Late homework penalty Individual work (HW & Project) –CAD drawings, simulations, analysis, writeups –May discuss strategies, but must acknowledge Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 21

22. Content Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 22

23. Content Logic (Computation) [7 weeks] –Combinational –Sequential Storage [2 weeks] Communication [3 weeks] Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 23

24. Content Logic –Transistors  Gates –In Lab: build gate, measure delay, restore –Restoration –Delay –Area (no layout  ESE570) –Energy –Synchronous (flip-flops, clocking, dynamic) –Project: fast multiplexor or ripple-carry adder Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 24

25. Content Memory –No Lab component –RAM Organization –Driving Large Capacitances –Signal amplification/restoration –Project: design a Register File Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 25

26. Content Communication –In Lab Measure inductive ground bounce, crosstalk Experiment with transmissions lines, termination –Noise Crosstalk Inductive Ionizing particles, shot –Transmission Lines –Project: Chip-to-chip signaling Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 26

27. Wrapup Admin –Find web, get text, assigned reading… –http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~ese370 Big Ideas / takeaway –Model to enable design Diagnostic Quiz next time –Review as needed Remaining Questions? Penn ESE370 Fall2011 -- DeHon 27