1. 9 th Open Forum on Metadata Registries Harmonization of Terminology, Ontology and Metadata 20th – 22nd March, 2006, Kobe Japan. Presentation Title: Day: Slot No. Name: Organization: 3P 25 WANG Chong, HE Keqing, HE Yangfan, WANG Jian State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University, P.R.China New Working Ideas for MMFI4Ontology Registration

2. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 2 Outline  Background  Introduction of MMFI4Onto  NWI Ⅰ : Registration of Process Ontology  NWI Ⅱ : Harmonization with other standards  Future work

3. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 3 Outline  Background  Introduction of MMFI4Onto  NWI Ⅰ : Registration of Process Ontology  NWI Ⅱ : Harmonization with other standards  Future work

4. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 4 Resources on web  rich semantics  heterogeneous structure  various representation  unsteady  …… characterized with  knowledge sharing  effective utilization  …… hamper  information resource  service resource  infrastructure resource  ……

5. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 5 Resource management  Objective –Registration –Sharing and reuse –Interoperation between human beings between human beings and machines between machines  Resolution –Ontology is used as the foundation of communication. –A common facility should be provided to register resources on semantic web.

6. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 6 Why Ontology  Ontology –describes concepts and the relationship between them in the universe of discourse. –has been identified as a knowledge representation mechanism for semantics. Ontology captures the semantics of information from various sources, gives them a concise, uniform and declarative description, and has gained significance in terms of the demands in academia and industry. From D. Fensel: Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce.

7. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 7 Framework for resource registration (1/3) Scalable, Compatible and Open From Takeshi Chusho, Hiroshi Tsukui and Katsuya Fujiwara: A Form-based and UI-Driven Approach for Enduser-Initiative Development of Web Applications In a framework, the frozen spot implies the fixed and reusable part that we need not customize. A high reuse rate reduces the end-user's work in application development. Conversely, the hot spot implies the flexible part that we need to customize. Extensible

8. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 8 Scalable, Compatible and Open  Coordinate with other existing standards –Build a bridge for interoperation between systems based on different registry mechanisms –Supplement with no change to the original structure of those registry models Harmonization Framework for resource registration (2/3)

9. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 9 Scalable, Compatible and Open  Extended hot spot should follow the specification of frozen spot.  Interoperation can be implemented among those extended parts. Interoperation Framework for resource registration (3/3)

10. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 10 Summary of background  Ontology is –the key issue for semantic annotation; –important for interoperation between various resources.  In order to promote sharing and interoperation between resources, a framework is needed to register ontology and other resources on web. Framework for Metamodel Interoperability: Metamodel for Ontology Registration (MMFI4Onto) is such a facility.

11. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 11 Outline  Background  Introduction of MMFI4Onto  NWI Ⅰ : Registration of Process Ontology  NWI Ⅱ : Harmonization with other standards  Future work

12. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 12 MMFI & MMFI4Onto MMFI for Ontology Registration MMFI for Mapping MMFI for Modeling Constructs Metamodel Instance Universe Of Domain Interoperability, Exchanging MMFI4Onto MOF,ISO 11179(MDR) MMFI Core Model SKLSE(WHU)

13. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 13 MMFI Core Model & MMFI4Onto

14. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 14 Reference Ontology & Local Ontology (1/3)  Local Ontology (LO) –used by information systems –modification to RO adding new component adding new atomic construct ……  Reference Ontology (RO) –specified by standard organizations –stable

15. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 15  Frozen spot –Reference Ontology (RO), Reference Ontology Component (ROC), Reference Ontology Atomic Construct (ROAC)  Hot spot –Local Ontology (LO), Local Ontology Component (LOC), Local Ontology Atomic Construct (LOAC) Reference Ontology & Local Ontology (2/3)

16. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 16  For RO and its components, growing means –adding new ROAC for RO versioning –renaming for knowledge updating –……  For LO and its components, growing means –reusing constructs from some ROs –adding new LOAC or LOC for specific demands –…… Reference Ontology & Local Ontology (3/3)

17. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 17 Other definitions in MMFI4Onto  Metaclasses: –Ontology is the super class of RO and LO. –Ontology Component is the super class of ROC and LOC. –Ontology Atomic Construct is the super class of ROAC and LOAC.  Relations: –Ontology consists of Ontology Component. –Ontology Component consists of Ontology Atomic Construct. In MMFI4Onto specification, these three metaclasses are abstract classes. They can be regarded as the frozen spots without growing.

18. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 18 Frozen spots without growing Frozen spots with growing Hot spots Kernel Model of MMFI4Onto OntologyOntology Component Ontology Atomic Construct Ontology Language Reference Ontology Local Ontology Reference Ontology Atomic Construct Local Ontology Atomic Construct modelType 1 0..* sameAs 0..* 0..1 Reference Ontology Component Local Ontology Component sameAs 0..* 0..1 sameAs 0..* sameAs 0..* Frozen spot Hot spot

19. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 19 Outline  Background  Introduction of MMFI4Onto  NWI Ⅰ : Registration of Process Ontology  NWI Ⅱ : Coordination with other standards  Future work

20. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 20 Why registration for Process Ontology  Web service –one of the important resources –characterized with dynamic features and processes.  Current version of MMFI4Onto concentrates on the registration of static ontology, rather than process ontology and/or service ontology.  Register process ontologies.  Govern the construction of customized services.  Reduce the cost of service development. Extending MMFI4Onto

21. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 21 Brief introduction of OWL-s (1/2) -- Layered approach to language development SWRL (Rules) XML (Extensible Markup Language) RDF (Resource Description Framework) RDFS (RDF Schema) OWL ([DLP], Light, DL, Full) OWL-S (Services)  OWL-s (W3C) –is an extended ontology language –a specific OWL profile for Web Service SWRL: Semantic Web Rule Language (W3C)

22. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 22 Brief introduction of OWL-s (2/2) (from W3C, OWL Web Ontology Language for Services (OWL-s) Specification)  OWL-s is used as a language for describing services, reflecting the fact that it provides a standard vocabulary that can be used together with the other aspects of the OWL description languages to create service description.  OWL-s is meant to support categories of service.

23. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 23 Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, University of Southampton Upper Ontology of Service Ontology

24. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 24 Selected classes and properties of the Service Profile IOPE

25. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 25 Top level of the Process Ontology

26. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 26 ProcessOnto Model in MMFI4Onto Process Ontology Composite Process Control ConstructAtomic Process Input Postcondition Precondition OutputSequence Any-Order Split+Join Split Choice Repeat-Until Repeat-While If-Then-Else Iterate Ontology Ontology Component Ontology Atomic Construct ……

27. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 27 RPO/LPO in ProcessOnto Model (1/2)  Reference Process Ontology (RPO) is –fixed web services –with wide acceptance and relevant applications  Local Process Ontology (LPO) is –for particular application domains –generated by reusing sub-processes (atomic process and/or smaller composite process) from RPOs adding some new sub-processes

28. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 28 RPO/LPO in ProcessOnto Model (2/2)  Similarly, interoperation between LPOs is based on the common foundation provided by RPO.  Interoperation between Process Ontology includes –reuse –matching –automatic discovery –automatic composition –……

29. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 29 An example: service registration and interoperation based on ProcessOnto Model --BravoAir example from W3C, http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.0/examples.html

30. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 30 …… - This is the top level process for BravoAir - …… - …… - - - - - - - …… Registration Info of BravoAir reservation service  Ontology –BravoAirProcess  Ontology Component –AtomicProcess:GetDesired FlightDetails –CompositeProcess:BookFli ght –……  Ontology Atomic Construct –hasInput:ReservationID_In –hasOutput:ReservationID_ Out –Sequence –……

31. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 31 Service interoperation based on ProcessOnto Model The same Atomic process Flight Reservation Service Bank Service Reference Process Onto for e-business Online Service Service Registration based on MMFI4Ontology Registration …… AtomicProcess=#Login AtomicProcess =#ConfirmReservation …… AtomicProcess=#Login AtomicProcess =#ConfirmTypeOfCard …… Local Process Onto B Local Process Onto A

32. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 32 Outline  Background  Introduction of MMFI4Onto  NWI Ⅰ : Registration of Process Ontology  NWI Ⅱ : Harmonization with other standards  Future work

33. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 33 Role of MMFI MMF For Interoperability

34. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 34 Issue Ⅰ : Coordination with other standards

35. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 35 Abstraction Layer where MMFI Resides in

36. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 36 How to coordinate?  MMFI –specify the basic concepts and relations to register information models –correspond to specific registry mechanisms  MMFI4Onto –supplement the capability of existing standards –promote interoperation between them –enable collaboration and harmonization

37. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 37 Issue Ⅱ : Implement MMFI4Onto for specific application

38. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 38 Implement MMFI4Onto with OASIS/ebXML  Purpose –Software Component (SC) Registry and Repository (R&R) based on ebXML describe complex attributes of SC with ontology register and query SC  Implement MMFI4Onto –register attribute ontology for knowledge sharing –classify and register SC based on registered ontology

39. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 39 Overview of OASIS/ebXML RIM  ebXML Registry Information Model (RIM)

40. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 40 ClassificationNode & Classification Scheme  ClassificationNode instances are RegistryObject instances that are used to define tree structures under a ClassificationScheme, where each node in the tree is a ClassificationNode and the root is the ClassificationScheme. ClassificationScheme ClassificationNode ClassificationScheme (from OASIS/ebXML Registry Information Model v2.1 )

41. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 41 Implementation of MMFI4Onto (1/3)  Basic idea ： –To establish the inheritance relationship between RIM and MMFI4Onto  Solution ： –Ontology inherits ClassificationScheme –Ontology Component inherits ClassificationScheme a part of ontology with certain structure –Ontology Atomic Construct inherits ClassificationNode unit

42. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 42 Ontology Atomic Construct Ontology Component Ontology Kernel Model from MMFI4Onto RegistryObject ExtrinsicObject ClassificationScheme AssociationClassificationRegistryEntryClassificationNode ClassificationScheme Registry Information Model from ebXML Implementation of MMFI4Onto (2/3) -- Extend RIM for MMFI4Onto Registry

43. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 43 Implementation of MMFI4Onto (3/3)  Evaluation –supplement semantics –support registration of complex resources –no change to the original structure in RIM –recognize registered instances by both MMFI4Onto and RIM –realize interoperation between them

44. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 44 Outline  Background  Introduction of MMFI4Onto  NWI Ⅰ : Registration of Process Ontology  NWI Ⅱ : Harmonization with other standards  Future work

45. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 45 Future work (1/2)  MMFI4Onto –Kernel Model, Evolution Information Model and Evolution Rule Model consistency preservation (algorithm, implementation, etc.) –ProcessOnto Model detailed registration for Semantic Web Service algorithms for service matching, composition and decomposition, etc.

46. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 46 Future work (2/2)  Applications based on MMFI4Onto –corresponding workbench  Collaboration with the other standards –UDDI –……

47. 9th Open Forum for Metadata Registry, Kobe, 2006 47 Any Question? Thank You! wangchong_whu@yahoo.com.cn hekeqing@public.wh.hb.cn heyangfan927@hotmail.com wangjian_sd@163.com