1. Chapter 4 The Organization of Life

2. Section 1

3. Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Ecosystem: All of the organisms living in an area together PLUS their physical environment
Biotic factors – All the living things in an ecosystem
Fish, coral, shrimp, seaweed, fish poop
Abiotic factors - All the nonliving things in an ecosystem
Water, sand, sunlight, temperature
Coral Reef
Ecosystem

4. Ecosystems: Everything is Connected
Levels of Organization:
Organism – an individual living thing
Species – can mate and produce offspring that are fertile
Population – All members of the same species
Community – a group of various species that live in the same area and interact (only BIOTIC)
Ecosystem – (biotic AND abiotic)
Biosphere – all ecosystems of the Earth
Habitat – Where an organism lives
Includes biotic and abiotic factors the organism needs to survive

5. Section 2

6. Evolution Environment can affect an individual species
Charles Darwin was the first to notice this.
Organisms with certain traits are better able to survive their environment
For Example: A lion with sharp claws can kill
prey better than one with dull claws
Darwin called this Natural Selection
The survival and reproduction of
organisms with particular traits

7. Evolution
Adaptations – inherited traits that increase an organism’s chance of survival
Future generations of our lions will have sharper claws this is an adaptation
Darwin’s finches are a famous example of adaptations

8. Evolution
Artificial Selection – humans select specific characteristics for organisms
Dog breeders –labradoodles
Farmers – certain flowers, fruits and vegetables
Seedless Watermelon
“Cry free” onions

9. Evolution
Resistance – the ability of an organism to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it

10. Section 3

11. Diversity of Living Things
Organisms are classified into 6 kingdoms
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are similar
Single cell
Microscopic
Cell walls
Reproduce by dividing in half
ONLY Kingdoms without nucleus
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are different
Archaebacteria live in extreme environments
Hot springs or ocean sulfur vents
Eubacteria is what we know as bacteria

12. Diversity of Living Things
Fungi
Cell wall
Nucleus
Absorb food through their body surfaces
Protists
Mostly single celled
Most live in water
Examples – amoebas, diatoms

13. Diversity of Living Things
Plants
Multicellular
Cell Walls
Make Own Food
Gymnosperms – Woody plants that produce seeds NOT in fruit
Example: Pine trees
Angiosperms – flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit
Cotton, grasses, flowers, fruit

14. Diversity of Living Things
Animals
Multicellular
Cannot make own food
Invertebrates – animals that lack a backbone
Ocean animals such as oysters and mollusks (live in shells)
Octupus
Insects – have a hard skeleton but no backbone
Vertebrates – animals with a backbone
Most live on land (except fish)
Mammals – special type of vertebrate
Warm blooded, fur, and feed young milk
What are you?