1. America Gets Ready For War! FDR and the US after Pearl Harbor: “Dr. New Deal Becomes Dr. Win the War”

2. Pearl Harbor gives FDR new powers War Powers Act (December, 1941) FDR is given complete emergency authority to create new executive agencies, establish trade controls, initiate defense contracts, and censor information Supreme Court justice James F. Byrnes: ->

3. The military grows Only 1.6 million Americans in the military before Pearl Harbor;

4. Reorganizing for battle Joint Chiefs of Staff: Army, Navy, Army Air Force

5. War and Industry “If you are going to try to go to war in a capitalist country you have to let business make money out of the process or business won’t work.” –Secretary of War Henry Stimson

6. War Production Board (WPB) Established in Jan. 1942 1. Allocate scarce materials to industry 2. Require companies to produce war supplies instead of civilian goods 3. Make war profitable for corporations guaranteed profits (cost-plus system) no prosecutions for anti-trust violations Examples:

7. The miracle of production The U.S. makes twice as many war supplies than all of the Axis nations combined Factories run 24 hrs/day, 7 days/wk. 300,000 military aircraft, 86,000 tanks, 2.6 million machine guns, 6 million tons of bombs, 86,000 warships New technologies:

8. Science and technology “The wizard war” Synthetic rubber Office of Scientific Research and Development Sonar and radar Rockets Jets High-altitude bomb sights DDT and insecticides Penicillin mass production MASH units (Mobile Auxiliary Surgical Hospital) The Manhattan Project

9. The transformation of America “Something is happening that Adolf Hitler does not understand… it is the miracle of production.”

10. The rise of the Sunbelt

11. Paying for the war The U.S. spends $250 million a day on the war! Federal budget grows: $9 billion in 1940 (Defense spending: 9% of GNP) War bond sales: Revenue Act of 1942:

12. Office of Price Administration (OPA) Established in Apr.1942; mainly to reduce demand and limit inflation Imposed price controls on products to stop the massive inflation brought on by higher incomes and a lack of consumer goods Freezes on prices, rents, wages Rationing program:

13. Putting the people to work War Manpower Commission (WMC) National War Labor Board (NWLB) Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) Strong unions: Later, the Smith-Connally Act (1943) gives FDR the power to seize factories/mines if war production was threatened by strikes; 30 days notice before a strike

14. An hour a day for the USA! Office of Civilian Defense:

15. Thought Control? Office of Censorship Office of Facts and Figures: agency that monitored the patriotic content of newspapers

16. Propaganda Office of War Information (OWI) June 1942 Employed 4,000 artists, writers, and advertising experts Created propaganda to inspire the American people to keep working and buy war bonds Movies, songs, posters, cartoons, comics, newspapers, advertisements, radio shows all encouraged patriotism and a cheerful view of the war Hollywood stars, musicians, and athletes Make sure you do the homework!