1. Ensis Wood Processing THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Nawshad Haque IMPROVING DRYING OF WOOD HARVESTED IN 2040 Email: Nawshad.Haque@ensisjv.comNawshad.Haque@ensisjv.com Personal webpage: http://www.geocities.com/nhaque.geohttp://www.geocities.com/nhaque.geo

2. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Outline  Why & how drying wood?  Why drying model?  How to simulate & optimise?  Some results

3. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Why drying wood important?  Reduce movement & decay in service  Better properties  Less cost to transport  Meet drying & export standard  Energy hungry process

4. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Air-drying site

5. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Solar kiln designs

6. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Solar kiln designs Solar kiln at Boral Timber’s Herons Creek site, NSW, AUSTRALIA Recent design of solar kiln by Solar Dryers Australia, Bellingen, NSW

7. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Industrial kilns  Manipulate temperature, humidity & airflow

8. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION HT drying Radiata  40 mm board, 8 m/s, 2 h, 2.4 m wide stack

9. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Dry product  Structural  Appearance/furniture

10. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Typical drying example: Hardwood

11. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION  Drying Time = f (DB, WB, Vel, Thick)  $/m 3 cost = f (DT, $Kiln, $Operation)  Quality = f (drying stress, uniform final MC)  Find minimum $/m 3 for a given set of conditions with acceptable quality Optimise drying

12. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Optimised schedule

13. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Procedure (Radiata)  Harvesting age: 30 years  Log diameter: 65 cm  Board: 100mm x 50mm  Board initial MC: 162%  Final target MC: 6%  High Temp: 120/70°C, at 7 m/s

14. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Procedure (Radiata..)  Tree age: 26, 35 years  Sap EW MC: 180 to 200%  LW Density: 520 to 420 kg/m 3  Permeability increase or decrease: ×10 to base case;  Shrinkage: ±10%, high & low

15. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Some results (MC)

16. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Effect of permeability

17. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Effect of shrinkage

18. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION 2D Single-board model  100x50 mm board, ring number- 18 & 24, sap early & late wood  High Temp 140/90°C, at 8 m/s

19. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

41. Procedure (Blackbutt)  Eucalyptus pilularis  Board thickness: 43 mm  Initial MC: 44%; Final MC: 18%  Basecase reference diffusion coefficient: 1.145×10 -5 m 2 /s;  Solar kiln sched (max<50°C)  Case 1 diffusion: +30%

42. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Effect of diffusion (Euc)

43. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Effect of diffusion (Euc)

44. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Conclusions Effect of parameters assessed:  Age, sapwood initial MC, density - small  Permeability - high impact  Shrinkage & Diffusion coefficient - significant below FSP

45. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Future challenges  Validated models for Hardwood & Softwood  Reliable objective function necessary  Find optimum process for particular wood type (including variability)

46. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Application  Benchmarking  What-if scenario analysis for future wood resources  Sensitivity analysis for expensive or cheap:  Kiln  Energy  Operation costs

47. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION CDK Hardware simulation

48. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION CSIRO Continuous Dryer Green timber Dry timber Courtesy: Richard Northway

49. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Future tech  Superheated steam drying  Continuous Drying Kiln  In-kiln MC sensor development (MKS), integrated compact systems  Energy & emission  Solar drying, vacuum drying for some species  Microwave based drying systems

50. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION DRYSPEC

51. THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Thank You Questions? Email: Nawshad.Haque@ensisjv.com Personal website: www.geocities.com/nhaque.geo Web: www.ensisjv.com