1. Chart: North and South (Chapter 14) Life in the NorthLife in the South UrbanRural Economy based on industry Economy based on agriculture Railroads increased commerce within the U.S. Cotton Kingdom: Cotton most profitable cash crop Yankee clipper ships increased foreign trade Dependent on North and Europe for manufactured goods New machines helped produce more goods Invention of cotton gin increased planters’ profits Artisans formed trade unions to improve working conditions Limited industry as money invested in land and slaves Wave of European immigrants supplied factory labor Slave codes place restrictions on African Americans Slavery outlawed, but African Americans faced discrimination About 94% of region’s African Americans enslaved Copy into your ISN

2. Northern Inventors Put notes in your ISN

4. Steel Plow 1825- John Deere

6. Mechanical Reaper 1847-Cyrus McCormick Chicago, IL Mowed wheat/grains

8. Threshing Machine It was invented (c.1784) for the separation of grain from stalks and husks. For thousands of years, grain was separated by hand with flails, and was very laborious and time consuming. Mechanization of this process took much of the drudgery out of farm labor.flails

10. Hay Rake

12. Mechanical Drill Jethro Tull Jethro Tull was one of the first scientific farmers. He realized that the usual way of sowing seeds by scattering them on the ground was wasteful. Many seeds did not take root. The seed drill, which he invented in 1701, allowed the farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths. When his invention was used, a larger share of the seed germinated. As a result, crop yields increased even more.

13. Results of Farming Innovations: Increased farm productivity Westward movement Increase in factory jobs

15. Yankee Clipper 1845- John Griffith's Rainbow Sleek vessel, tall mass, huge sails 1840s New York to Hong Kong 5 months Clipper 81 days Increased U.S. Sea trade in the 1840s & 1850s

16. Life in the North Worsening factory conditions Trade Unions- workers come together to demand higher wages, shorter days, better working conditions African Americans face discrimination African Americans were denied “the ballot- box, the jury box, the halls of legislature, the army, the public lands, the school and the church”

17. Immigration in the North

18. What happened in the1850s? Irish Potato Famine Disease destroyed potato crop Famine-severe food shortage 1845-1860 1.5 million Irish fled to the U.S.

19. Southern Economy

20. Cotton Boom Cotton Gin- increased production 6,000 to 2 million bales of cotton 1792-1850 Cotton expands westward Slavery follows

21. Agricultural Economy Rice Sugar Tobacco Livestock

22. Limited Industry Tools manufactured most in the North Slavery reduced the need for southern industry

23. Economically Dependent Little industry= Reliance on Northern production

24. “The grave was dug through solid marble, but the marble headstone came from Vermont. It was in a pine wilderness but the pine coffin came from Cincinnati. An iron mountain overshadowed it but the coffin nails and the screws and the shovel came from Pittsburgh… A hickory grove grew nearby, but the pick and shovel handles came from New York… That country, so rich in underdeveloped resources, furnished nothing for the funeral except the corpse and the hole in the ground.” -1889

25. What did that passage tell you about the South’s dependence on the North?

26. Life in the South Owned 5 or more slaves Owned 1-4 slaves 8% 50% 2% 32% 8% Whites who owned NO slaves Free African Americans Enslaved African Americans

27. “Cottonocracy” A planter who owned at least 20 slaves Rich Family Elegant Lifestyle Politics Only 1 in 30 people Lifestyle dominated the south

28. Other Whites Small Farmers: 75% Plain Folk- might own 1-2 slaves Worked in the fields w/ slaves Poor Whites Didn’t own land Hill Country

29. African Americans in the South Free and Enslaved

30. Free African Americans Descendants of Revolutionary War Vets 200,000 Northern parts of the South Cities- New Orleans, Richmond, and Charleston

31. Restrictions Fear No vote No travel Pushed out

32. Enslaved- Slave Codes Purpose: No rebel or runaways No groups of more than 3 Owner’s permission to leave No reading No writing Could not testify in court

33. Resistance Small resistance: break tools, steal crops… Denmark Vesey: 1822 planned revolt –Discovered before attempt: 35 people executed Nat Turner- 1831 Preacher –Led revolt Southhampton, VA –Killed 57 whites Revolts were rarely successful