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Psycholinguistics
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The Innateness Hypothesis
Language Acquisition Theories Behaviorism Imitation Reinforcement Analogy Skinner The Innateness Hypothesis Universal Grammar Grammar Construction Chomsky
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Do Children Learn through Imitation?
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Do Children Learn through Correction and Reinforcement?
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Stages in Language Aquisition
Pre-linguistic stage (birth to six months): The baby cries, coos, laughs, and makes other sounds. Babbling (six to 12 months): The baby makes nonspecific sounds from all human languages. One-word (holophrastic) stage (1 year): The child speaks single words in isolation, in his or her first language. Two-word stage (24 months): The child forms two-word phrases or strings that reflect the language being acquired. The vocabulary increases; the child begins to learn words at the rate of one word every two waking hours. Telegraphic speech (30 months): Children begin to utter short phrases like telegraph messages, without formal grammatical structure. Fluent speech (three years +): The child learns grammar and syntax (patterns of sentence formation) with surprising rapidity and accuracy; sentences increase in length and complexity.
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Pre-linguistic Stage
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Babbling Brrrr, brrrr, bbbb, dadada, lala…
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Holophrastic or Word Stage
Up! Down! Cheerios!
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Two Word Stage Hi Mommy! More wet Bye bye boat
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Telegraphic Stage Cat stand up table What that? Andrew want that.
No sit there. Ride truck Show mommy that
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I like to play with something else
Language Explosion I like to play with something else Look mommy, how I climb I know what to do
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The Acquisition of Pragmatics
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Write around Each participant has one paper and pencil
Each participant writes one sentence and passes the paper to the right. Read the narrative on the paper you received and write a sentence to go with that narrative. Continue this process until the facilitator calls time.
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Language Acquisition Write Around
The process of language acquisition is fast, but it is not instantaneous. Language Acquisition Write Around
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Bilingualism vs. Second Language Acquisition
SLA Simultaneous acquisition of two languages Acquisition of L1 Acquisition of L2 Unitary system hypothesis Separate systems hypothesis Fundamental difference hypothesis Same stages of LA as monolingual children L2ers construct interlanguage grammars Unconscious process Conscious process Codeswitching L1 Interference
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Theories of Language Acquisition
-Tabula rasa -Stimuli -Conditioning - Reinforcement -Innate predispositions -Systematic, rule governed acquisition -Creative construction -Constructivist -Social interaction -Cognition and language -Functions of language -Discourse Behaviorist Nativist Functional
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An Innatist Model: Krashen’s Input Hypothesis
Acquisition – Learning Hypothesis Monitor Hypothesis Natural Order Hypothesis Input Hypothesis Affective Filter Hypothesis
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Numbered Heads Together
At your table, write one question about second language acquisition on an index card. Hand in the cards. Number the groups. Listen to the question and discuss it at your table finding consensus on one answer. The number called will report the answer.
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