1. Industrial Revolution Review

2. Background  Agricultural Revolution paves the way  Enclosure system, crop rotation  Population increases, greater demand for manufactured goods  Industrial Revolution – shift from hand made goods to machine made goods in factories

3. Begins in England – Why?  Water power (rivers)  Resources – coal, iron ore  Harbors  Large labor supply  Stable government  Entrepreneurs to invest  Factors of Production – Land, Labor Capital  Ships needed to transport resources and deliver goods to world markets

4. Inventions?  Steam Engine  Textiles  Transportation  Communication

5. Industrial Revolution Features  Urbanization – movement to cities  Higher wages, more opportunities  Rapid growth so no city planning  Cities - Filthy, crowded tenements, inadequate housing, dangerous, reduced life span  Factories – 14 – 16 hours per day, 6 days per week

6. Industrial Revolution - Factories  Dimly lit, no heat or air conditioning  Dangerous machinery, poor air quality (lint); mines (coal dust)  Child labor – sometimes as young as 6; worked same hours, often beaten or dunked in water to keep them awake  Women and children could be paid less  Injuries – no assistance, insurance, simply fired

7. Industrial Revolution  Rising middle class (bourgeoisie/capitalists) – skilled workers, professionals business people, factory owners, wealthy farmers  Gap grew between rich and poor

8. Impact – Positives  More jobs  Contributed to the wealth of the nation  Fostered technological progress and invention  Increased production of goods/products  Raised the standard of living  Healthier diets, cheaper mass produced goods  More consumer products - luxuries

9. Impact - Negatives  Terrible working conditions, low pay  Very difficult life day to day  Children lost their childhoods  Factory owners profited from the labor of the people and often disregarded their needs  Competition for raw materials will lead to competition among nations and imperialism (controlling other countries)

10. Socialism  Marx sees capitalism/industrialism as a destructive force  Class struggle – haves and have nots  Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat  Workers will overthrow owners  Means of production will be govt. controlled  State would “wither away” – Communism  Socialism will be seen as a threat to American and Western Capitalism