1. 1. What are the two equations we have studied so far in this Unit? 2. How does a net ionic equation differ from a molecular equation? Day 3 1-3

2. 1. Molarity, M or M a. Most widely-used unit of __________________ b. Formula concentration M = # mols of solute # L of solution

3. D. Dilution is adding more ________ to a solution to reduce the ________________. 1. Used to prepare solutions from _______________ solutions. 2.Formula solvent concentration stock or conc. V c M c = V d M d (Volume of Conc.)(M Conc.) = (Volume of Dilute)(M of Dilute sol’n) 3

4. 4 First Solutions Lab

5. A.A solute that forms ions in solution and conducts ____________ is known as an _____________, while a solute that neither forms ions nor conducts ____________ is known as a ________________. electricity electrolyte electricity nonelectrolyte 5

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7. B.Ionic compounds and some molecular compounds ____________ in water. 1.Strong electrolytes produce a _______ number of ions. 2. Weak electrolytes produce a _________ number of ions. dissociate larger smaller 7

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9. C.Most molecular compounds _________ in water and are called _______________. D.Solubility does not determine if a solute is a strong or weak electrolyte. 1. Acetic acid: _____ solubility + ______ electrolyte disperse nonelectrolytes Only 1% is H + + C 2 H 3 O 2 - in sol’n, rest is HC 2 H 3 O 2 highweak Equilibrium: HC 2 H 3 O 2(aq) H + (aq) + C 2 H 3 O 2 - (aq) 9

10. 2. Barium hydroxide: ____ solubility + ________ electrolyte E. Solvation is the surrounding of _______ particles by particles of the ________. Known as ___________ when water is the solvent. lowstrong Not very soluble but everything that dissolves dissociates solute solvent hydration 10

11. ASSIGNMENT : Page 548 #s 48, 50, 57, 58, 59, 60 (a and b), 61 11

12. F. The Water Welcome Wagon! 12

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14. Was the Wicked Witch a good chemistry student? Did she correctly and scientifically describe her demise? HW# 1 due tomorrow 14

15. A. Acids 1. Able to ionize and form ___ in aqueous solutions 2. Often referred to as ________ donors 3. Decrease the concentration of _____ in aqueous solutions H+H+ proton 15 OH -

16. 4. Monoprotic acids release ____ ___ per molecule of acid. Ex: 5. Diprotic acids release _____ ___ per molecule of acid. Ex: oneH+H+ HCl, HNO 3, HC 2 H 3 O 2 16 twoH+H+ H 2 SO 4 H 2 SO 4(aq)  HSO 4(aq) + H + (aq) HSO 4(aq)  SO -2 4(aq) + H + (aq) Only some of 2 nd H + come off 1 st H + always comes off

17. 6. Strong acids 7. Weak acids - completely ionize in H 2 O chloric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodic, nitric, perchloric, sulfuric - partly ionized in H 2 O, most acids are weak acetic, hydrofluoric 17

18. B. Bases 1. Able to ionize and form ____ in aqueous solutions 2. Often referred to as proton __________ 3. Decrease the concentration of ___ in aqueous solutions OH -1 acceptors H+H+ 18

19. 4. Metallic bases are called _____ ___________. Ex: 5. Nonmetals can also form bases. Ex: 6. Strong bases 7. Weak bases metal hydroxides LiOH, NaOH NH 3 - Alkali + heavy alkaline earth metals: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH) 2, Sr(OH) 2, Ba(OH) 2 19 NH 3, other metal hydroxides

20. C. Salts A salt forms when the __________ of an _____ is replaced by a different _______, generally from a _____. This usually occurs in a ________________ reaction. Ex: hydrogen acidcation base neutralization HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCl (aq) + H 2 O ( l ) 20

21. A.Metathesis reactions can also be called _______ ______________ reactions. B.The mixing of 2 solutions will result in a chemical reaction if _____ are _________ from the solution. double replacement ionsremoved 21

22. Metathesis (Exchange) Reactions Metathesis comes from a Greek word that means “to transpose.” AgNO 3 (aq) + KCl (aq)  AgCl (s) + KNO 3 (aq) 22

23. Metathesis (Exchange) Reactions Metathesis comes from a Greek word that means “to transpose.” It appears the ions in the reactant compounds exchange, or transpose, ions. AgNO 3 (aq) + KCl (aq)  AgCl (s) + KNO 3 (aq) 23

24. Solution Chemistry It is helpful to pay attention to exactly what species are present in a reaction mixture (i.e., solid, liquid, gas, aqueous solution). If we are to understand reactivity, we must be aware of just what is changing during the course of a reaction. 24

25. Ions can be removed from solution by any of 3 processes: 1. The formation of an __________ solid, known as a _____________ 2. The formation of either a weak ____________ or a ________________ 3. The formation of a ____ that bubbles out of the solution insoluble precipitate electrolytenonelectrolyte gas 25

26. Precipitation Reactions When one mixes ions that form compounds that are insoluble (as could be predicted by the solubility guidelines), a precipitate is formed. 26

27. C.Examples Write the molecular, complete, and net ionic equations for these reactions that occur in water. 1. Magnesium nitrate and sodium hydroxide 27

28. C.Examples Write the molecular, complete, and net ionic equations for these reactions that occur in water. 2.Magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid 28

29. C.Examples Write the molecular, complete, and net ionic equations for these reactions that occur in water. 3.Chromium(II) acetate and nitric acid 29

30. C.Examples Write the molecular, complete, and net ionic equations for these reactions that occur in water. 4.Iron(II) carbonate and hydrochloric acid 30

31. 31 Locate your lab paper for today!!!