2. 虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说 话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。

3. 1 用于 条件 从句 2 用于 主语 从句 3 用于 宾语 从句 4 用于 状语 从句 5 用于 定语 从句 6 用于 简单句 wish, suggest, order It is/was+ 形容词＋ that… If… as if, as though

5. 动词形 式 时间 从句主句 与现在事实相反动词过去式（ be 的 过去式一般用 were ） would should + 动词原形 could might 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would should have+ 过去分词 could might 与将来事实 可能相反 动词过去式 /should + 动词原形 were to ＋动词原 形 would should + 动词原形 could might

6. 基本用法 If places ____ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were If we _________ (know) that the books were available, we would have bought them yesterday. had known

7. 有时可以把含有助动词，情态动词， be 或 have 的虚拟条件句省去，而将 had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即倒装。 *If I were you, I would go with him. =Were I you, I would go with him. *If I had known the news, I would have told you about that. =Had I known the news, I would have told you about that.

8. 倒装用法 Had he worked harder, he ______ the final examinations. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through

9. _____ tomorrow morning, she would reach Beijing by this Sunday. A. Would she leave B. if she will leave C. Had she left D. Were she to leave

10. 主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发 生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它 所表示的时间加以调整。 eg. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently. ( 从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）

11. I could have called you yesterday, but I ______ you telephone number. A. didn’t have B. won’t have C. hadn’t have D. wouldn’t have Peter ______ the driver’s test, but he wasn’t calm enough in the last ten minutes. A. might have passed B. must have passed C. will passed D. ought to have passed

12. “It is important （ strange/natural/necessary/ vital / urgent/ imperative/ natural/ essential/ desirable/ ） that …( should )+V. 原形 ” ，表示某事 “ 重要 ” ， “ 奇怪 ” ， “ 自 然 ” ， “ 必要 ” 等意义。 e.g. It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should)be postponed till tomorrow. 用于主语从句中

13. It is necessary that he ____________ (take) a good rest after working for a long time. It was ridiculous that he ________ that way yesterday. A. behaved B. should behave C.shall behave D. would behave (should) take

14. 用于宾语从句 I wish 从句结构 Example 与现在事实相反一般过去式 I wish it were autumn now. 与过去事实相反过去完成式 He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance. 与将来事实相反 would+V. 原形 I wish you would come soon.

15. I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. had slept C. might have slept D. have slept How he wished that he ______ the concert! A. went to B. had gone to C.should have gone to D. would go to

16. 在表示建议，要求，命令的词 “suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,com mand,request,desire” 后的宾语从句中： “(should) + 动词原形 ” e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately. 注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从 句中的动词也是用 “(should) + 动词原形 ”

17. The doctor recommended that he _____ for a few days. A. rests B. rest C.rested D. will rest The doctor required that every member in his department ____________ (refer) to his report. (should) refer

18. We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting ______. A. should be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off His recommendation was that an experienced sales manager _____ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be sent

19. 用于状语从句 1. even if /even though 主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非 真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。 e.g. Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.

20. 3. as if/ as though 从句的谓语形式为动词过去式 （ be 用 were ） 或 “had+ 过去分词 ” eg. He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

21. 4. lest, for fear that, in case “ 以防，以免 ” She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. Lest 从句用虚拟语气， (should)+V. 原形

22. 用于其他从句 1. “It is （ about/high) time(that)…”, 从句动词 形式用过去式. It’s time we went to school. It’s high time we did our homework. 2. would rather, would sooner ( 宁愿）， would just as soon ( 宁愿）后， 谓语用 一般过去时： 表示现在或将来虚拟 过去完成时： 表示过去虚拟

23. 虚拟条件句可以转化的形式。 1. 省略连词 if 在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有 were ， had 或 should ，可以省略 if ，把这几个词放 到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 e.g. Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.

24. 2. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句 without, but for ( 要不是）, otherwise, but that, except for, only, but, or e.g. Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things. 与现在事实相反 But for your help(If it had not been for your help)I could not have done it. 与过去事实相反

25. Without water and air, there _______living things on the earth. A. be B. would be no C. were to be D. was You ____ your work ahead of time without their help. A. haven’t completed B. wouldn’t have completed C. weren’t completing D. shouldn’t have completed

26. 2. 省略主句（常用以表示愿望） If only +would+V. 原形（或 V. 一般过去） “ 要是 …… 就好了 ” If only she had not left! If only my grandmother were with me! If only the wind were to/should stop! If only she __________(know) that her behavior was not welcome, she would have been more careful with her manners. I lost the pen you had bought me for my birthday. If only I __________(not lose)it. hadn’t lost had known

27. 1.If I had hurried, I ____ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. Would have caught D. had caught 2. Without your help, I _____ the exam last term. A. would have passed B. wouldn’t raining C. would have failed D. failed in 3. _____, John would not have missed the train. A. If he has listened to me B. Had he listened to me C. It he listened to me D. As soon as he listened to me C C B

28. 4. I wish I ____ with you last night. A. could have gone B. had go C. went D. would have gone 5. The manager insisted that the work ____ within the given time. A. had B. would be finished C. was finished D. be finished 6. It is important that someone searching for a job _____ all the prospects. A. consider B. considers C. will be considering D. should be considered A A D

29. 7. It is high time he ___ strong action against them. A. will take B. takes C. has taken D. took 8. I would rather you ___ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t do D. didn’t B D

30. 附加练习： 1. I was ill that day, otherwise I ___ the sports meet. A.Would take part in B. had taken part in C. Took part in D. would have taken part in 2. She couldn’t have answered the question if she ___ a few books on world history. A.hadn’t read B. haven’t C. Had been D. were 3. The children talks to us as if he ___ a grown-up. A. is B. will be C. had been D. were D A D

31. 4. ___ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the shy easily. A.Were it not for B. If it had not been for C. If it were not D. Had it not been for 5. But for the party, he ___ hunger 30 years ago. A.would have died B. must have died C. night have seen D. had seen 6. He didn’t come yesterday, or you ___ him. A.would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen A A C

32. 7. It’s necessary that each child __ the rules. A.obey B. obeys C. will obey D. must obey 8. It’s time that you ___ home and I’d rather you ___ again tomorrow. A.are going, will come B. go, are coming C. went, came D. would go, would come 9. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country ___ so serious. A.wouldn’t be B. will not have been C. wouldn’t have been D. would have not been A C A

33. 10. Were it not for the debts, we ___ all right. A.Would be B. would have been C. were D. are 11. It is ordered that no smoking ____ in the middle school. A.Is allowed B. be allowed C. Should allowed D. will be allowed 12. I remember the story as if ___. A.I had just read it B. I read it just C. I have just read it D. just I had read it\ 13. It is high time he __ strong action against them. A. Will take B. takes C. has taken D. took B B A D

34. 14. Your advice that she __ again next week is reasonable. A.Come B. comes C. will come D. would come 15. ___ on the house, it would have smashed the roof. A.Had that tree fallen B. Were that tree fallen C. Should that tree fallen D. If that tree fallen A A

35. 1. 判断是否虚拟 2. 判断虚拟类型 3. 判断虚拟时间