1. LCES Workshop “Where the Consumer is Boss” 01-01-LCES-VG

2. Effectively utilize lookouts, communications, escape routes, and safety zones during field operations. Conduct interactive briefings that address LCES. Evaluate and re-evaluate their, or other’s situation, and orally or otherwise, initiate or question LCES mitigation. 01-02-LCES-VG Performance Objectives Participants will:

3. Performance Objectives ( Continued ) Everyone who has attended the LCES Workshop will have practiced questioning assignments and situations in a manner that seeks solutions to the original tactical objectives, if possible. Supervisors will respond to subordinate’s concerns regarding LCES issues in ways that are positive and supportive. O1-03-LCES-VG

4. 01-03-LCES-VG4 Unit 1 In table groups trainees will: Arrange the Orders, Situations, Guidelines, and Denominators under the L, C, E, and S heading which best restates or mitigates them. Discuss how LCES organizes the Orders, Situations, Guidelines, and Denominators making them more useful in the field. 01-04-LCES-VG

5. Unit Two In table groups trainees will: In the same small groups as Unit 1, trainees will brain storm a list of characteristics, operations, equipment and standards for an L C, E, or S element. As a whole class, render from the lists presented by small groups, a contract, achieved by class consensus. 01-05-LCES-VG THIS IS THE SERVICE WE AGREE TO PROVIDE EACH OTHER…… LOOKOUTS…. COMMUNICATIONS… ESCAPE ROUTES…. SAFETY ZONES….

6. Unit 3 In scenario exercises, trainees will: Demonstrate the ability to evaluate hazardous operations and practice application of their LCES contract. Trainees will demonstrate the ability to question assignments in manner that seeks a solution to the original tactical objectives. Solutions will be reviewed by the class and instructors. 01-06-LCES-VG

7. Mitigate: 01-07-LCES-VG

8. Mitigate: Vt. to cause to become less harsh or hostile. to make less severe. 01-08-LCES-VG

9. We cannot always eliminate all risks and hazards, but we must MITIGATE all those risks and hazards of which we are aware. 01-09-LCES-VG

10. LCES A Universal Mitigation, applicable in most operations. 01-10-LCES-VG

11. With study, commitment and practice, LCES becomes deeply ingrained. With LCES ingrained, we recognize and mitigate those common risks and hazards automatically. 01-11-LCES-VG

12. Unit Two In table groups trainees will: In the same small groups as Unit 1, trainees will brain storm a list of characteristics, operations, equipment and standards for an L C, E, or S element. As a whole class, render from the lists presented by small groups, a contract, achieved by class consensus. 02-01-LCES-VG THIS IS THE SERVICE WE AGREE TO PROVIDE EACH OTHER…… LOOKOUTS…. COMMUNICATIONS… ESCAPE ROUTES…. SAFETY ZONES….

13. “We agree to the following LCES Mitigation’s” Lookouts will… Communication s require… Escape Routes are….. Safety Zones are…... 02-02-LCES-VG

14. | |-----|------|------|--------|---------|------|----| ABSOLUTE SOME IDEA GOOD GOOD EXCELLENT LESS IGNORANCE OF HAZARDS KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE OF HAZARDS AND RULES OF HAZARDS OF HAZARDS OF HAZARDS OF HAZARDS AND RULES AND RULES, AND RULES, RULES AND RIGID USE FAILS TO SOME USE GUIDELINES OF RULES FOLLOW RULES RULES AND CONSISTENT AND AND GUIDELINES GUIDELINES, USE THROUGH- GUIDELINES OTHERS DON’T OUT PROGRAM 02-03-LCES-VG

15. D uring World War II, Churchill Said: “I ought to have known. My advisors ought to have known and; I ought to have been told and I ought to have asked” 02-04-LCES-VG

16. People associated with South Canyon didn’t know a lot of things they should have known. That raises at least 3 questions: 02-05-LCES-VG

17. Why weren’t they told? 02-06-LCES-VG

18. Why didn’t they ask? 02-07-LCES-VG

19. Why didn’t they tell what they knew? 02-08-LCES-VG

20. They may not have been told because others thought the information would have: No effect Was not desired or Would not be passed on. 02-09-LCES-VG

21. They may not have asked because they thought they had all the answers, or wouldn’t get them anyway. 02-10-LCES-VG

22. They may not have asked because they thought they had all the answers, or wouldn’t get them anyway. And, they may not have passed on information because they assumed it would not receive a hearing. 02-11-LCES-VG

23. If a If any of these possibilities are true, and if people also believe that no news is good news… Then, Wild land fire fighting is a thousand administrative accidents waiting to happen. 02-12-LCES-VG

24. Fire is not the problem. The problems are alertness, trust, respect, candor, and “the will to communicate.” (Allison, 1993, pg. 41) 02-13-LCES-VG

25. Pass on all pertinent information. Free flow of information is good management practice, gets things done, and saves lives. If people fail to listen attentively, and fail to elicit information actively, that is bad management and unsafe management. 02-14-LCES-VG

26. Any glitch in communication, whether a radio problem, or an individual’s will to communicate, should have us questioning our safety. 02-15-LCES-VG

27. Listening is the biggest part of effective communications. 02-16-LCES-VG

28. Advanced Listening Skills L- Look into the person’s eyes A -Ask Questions D - Do not Interrupt D - Do not Point E - Empathize R - Repeat what you thought you heard 02-17-LCES-VG

29. NON-VERBAL CLUES ARE CRITICAL TO ACCURATE COMMUNICATION 02-18-LCES-VG

30. Attentive Listening is the Key to Respectful Communications 02-19-LCES-VG

31. When people face uncertainty and find it hard to make sense of what they face, they feel that things are not under control, which raises their stress level even more. As less and less makes sense, people feel more and more stress. Karl E. Weick 02-20-LCES-VG

32. 02-21-LCES-VG People under stress tend to fall back on old, over-learned habits, tending to miss cues as to what is happening around them. They tend to misunderstand more, update less often, and become more rigid. Karl E. Weick

33. Unit 3 In scenario exercises, trainees will: Demonstrate the ability to evaluate hazardous operations and practice application of their LCES contract. Trainees will demonstrate the ability to question assignments in manner that seeks a solution to the original tactical objectives. Solutions will be reviewed by the class and instructors. 03-01-LCES-VG