1. Solar Radiation and Productivity in Tropical Ecosystems J. L. Monteith

2. Thermal Dynamics Law First Law of Thermal Dynamics: Energy conservation R n =LE + H + G+A Second Law of Thermal Dynamics: Production of “useful” energy must be accompanied by simultaneous “waste” of heat.

3. Components of Efficiency ε=ε g ε a ε s ε q ε i ε d ε r Where the components include geometric, atmospheric, spectral, quantum, interception, diffusion and respiration efficiencies

4. Geometric efficiency

5. Atmospheric Efficiency

6. Spectral Efficiency PAR to total radiation ratio: 50%

7. Quantum Efficiency Theoretical maximum: 1 Carbohydrate need 10 quanta.

8. Diffusion Efficiency

9. Interception Efficiency

10. Respiration Efficiency W: standing dry weight (g/m^2) P: photosynthesis rate (g/m^2/day)