1. KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 6 6.0Issues in Knowledge Representation 6.1A Brief History of AI Representational Systems 6.2Conceptual Graphs: A Network Language 6.3Alternatives to Explicit Representation 6.4Agent Based and Distributed Problem Solving 6.5Epilogue and References 6.6Exercises Slide 6.1

2. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.2 Figure 6.1:Semantic network developed by Collins and Quillian in their research on human information storage and response times (Harmon and King 1985).

3. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.3 Network representation of properties of snow and ice

4. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.4 Figure 6.3: Three planes representing three definitions of the word “plant” (Quillian 1967).

5. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.5 Figure 6.4: Intersection path between “cry” and “comfort” (Quillian 1967).

6. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.6 Figure 6.5: Case frame representation of the sentence “Sarah fixed the chair with glue.”

7. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.7 Conceptual dependency theory of four primitive conceptualizations

8. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.8 Figure 6.6: Conceptual dependencies (Schank and Rieger 1974).

9. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.9 Some basic conceptual dependencies and their use in representation

10. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.10 Figure 6.9: Conceptual dependency representing “John ate the egg” (Schank and Rieger 1974). Figure 6.10: Conceptual dependency representation of the sentence “John prevented Mary from giving a book to Bill” (Schank and Rieger 1974).

11. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.11 Figure 6.11:A restaurant script (Schank and Abelson 1977).

12. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.12 A restaurant script (Schank and Abelson 1977)

13. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.13

14. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.14 Figure 6.12: Part of a frame description of a hotel room. “Specialization” indicates a pointer to a superclass.

15. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.15 Figure 6.13: Spatial frame for viewing a cube (Minsky 1975).

16. A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E: Structure and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving, 4th Edition George F. Luger © 2002 Addison Wesley Slide 6.16 Figure 6.14: Conceptual relations of different arities.