1. Acids and Bases Integrated Science

2. Four Acids Hydrochloric Acid – HCl Sulfuric Acid – H 2 SO 4 Nitric Acid – HNO 3 Phosphoric Acid – H 3 PO 4

3. Definitions When IONIC compounds are dissolved in water, they break down into their ions – IONIC = one metal and one non metal – EXAMPLE: NaCl (s)  Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) NaCl (solid) Na + Cl -

4. Definitions An acid makes H + when it is dissolved in water. HCl (l)  H +1 (aq) + Cl -1 (aq) H 3 PO 4 (l)  3 H +1 (aq) + PO 4 -3 (aq) H 2 SO 4 (l)  2 H +1 (aq) + SO 4 -2 (aq) HNO 3 (l)  H +1 (aq) + NO 3 -1 (aq)

5. Definitions In other words… – An acid has a hydrogen ion in it. Hydrogen Ions = Acid

6. Hydrochloric Acid It is the acid that is in your stomach

7. Hydrochloric Acid Too little stomach acid – Infections Too much stomach acid – Ulcers (stress can cause too)

8. Hydrochloric Acid Helps to make plastics – PVC Pipes – Milk Jugs – Rain Coats

9. Hydrochloric Acid Helps to make food products – Gelatin – Food Preservatives We do not eat the HCl, it just helps to make the things that we do eat.

10. Sulfuric Acid 165 million tons made a year in the United States Companies spend almost 8 billion dollars to make sulfuric acid.

11. Sulfuric Acid It is battery acid

12. Sulfuric Acid It is used to make fertilizers

13. Sulfuric Acid Fertilizers help to grow bigger and better crops and vegetables

14. Sulfuric Acid It helps in refining oil Oil refineries separate oil into different products. – Gasoline – Kerosene – Diesel

15. Nitric Acid Used to make fertilizers. Used to purify gold from ore.

16. Nitric Acid It is used in explosives – TNT Nobel – Oklahoma City Bombing Fertilizers

17. Phosphoric Acid Used to remove rust Used to process and preserve food.

18. Phosphoric Acid Used by dentist and orthodontists to make braces stick to your teeth. Used to whiten teeth.

19. Thee Bases Potassium Hydroxide – K(OH) Calcium Hydroxide – Ca(OH) 2 Sodium Hydroxide – Na(OH)

20. Definitions When IONIC compounds are dissolved in water, they break down into their ions – IONIC = one metal and one non metal – EXAMPLE: NaCl (s)  Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) NaCl (solid) Na + Cl -

21. Definitions An base makes OH - when it is dissolved in water. K(OH) (s)  OH -1 (aq) + K +1 (aq) Ca(OH) 2 (s)  2 OH -1 (aq) + Ca -2 (aq) Na(OH) (s)  OH -1 (aq) + Na -1 (aq)

22. Definitions In other words… – An base has a hydroxide ion in it. Hydroxide Ions = Base

23. Uses of Bases All bases have common uses – Used to make soaps – Used as catalysts – Used to make paper

24. Making Paper Bases make the brown wood pulp used to make paper white.