1. Roman Historiography Republican SEMINAR II: Sallust BC 1-5 Party Politics ch1

2. Sallvst

3. Thucydidean Influence View of human nature View of historiography –Concentration –Selection –Omission –Emphasis on politics Analyses of human behavior

4. Thucydidean Influence Style-Thucydides –poetic language –variety of grammatical usage –inconcinnity –rapidity Style- Sallust –Poetic/archaic vocab –unusual grammatical turns –inconcinnity –rapidity of thought & expression compression & omission –variatio

5. Sallvstian Style Archaism Asyndeton Parataxis Hyperbaton Inconcinnitas Brevitas –antithesis

6. Party Politics Personalities & Programs

7. outline Sources Classes Constitution –Magistracies –Assemblies –elections Factiones/Partes Roman Revolution –Gracchi –Marius v. Sulla –Pompey, Crassus, Caesar Participants/scene

8. Party Politics Personalities & Programs amazing primary sources –Caesar’s commentarii –Sallust’s BC, BJ, Historiae, Epistulae ad Caesarem? –Cicero’s speeches, essays, letters Taylor’s quellenforschungen –In text –In footnotes 2 & 3 great example of modern scholarly evolution –Compare Ramsey p.6

9. Party Politics Personalities & Programs Roman Republican gov’t –Checks & balances –Aristocratic control –Ti. Gracchus sword carried into assembly –Liberty v. equality Class division based on landed property

10. Ordines Patricians: (patricii) –from patres title applied to members of Senate patrician clans claimed descent from earliest Senators –highly privileged aristocratic class –hereditary membership only by birth (until end of Republic)

11. Ordines Plebeians: (plebeii) –from plebs –all Roman citizens not patrician

12. Struggle of the Orders plebeian milestones 494 BC: First Secession of the Plebs –established their own assembly (the Concilium Plebis) –elected their own magistrates, the Tribunes and the Plebeian Aediles. 450 BC: Law of the Twelve Tables, first codification of Roman law 445 BC: patricians and plebeians permitted to intermarry 367 BC: plebeians became eligible for the consulship 342 BC: one of the two Consuls must be a plebeian 339 BC: one of the two Censors must be a plebeian 300 BC: half of the priesthoods (also state offices) must be plebeian 287 BC: Third Secession of the Plebs –won concession that all plebiscites (measures passed in Concilium Plebis) had the force of law for entire Roman state

13. Struggle of the Orders non-violent methods Reshaped Aristocracy –Aristocracy of birth replaced with aristocracy based on political office and wealth, particularly land-based wealth. Society remained hierarchical, class-based –Large gap between top and bottom citizen classes

14. Roman Citizen Classes Patrician Senatorial (Plebeian) Equites (Plebeian) Property Owners (Plebeian) Capite Censi (Plebeian)

15. Money Property Requirements ≈ 16 asses = 4 ƒ = 1 denarius ƒ1,000,000 for Senatorial ƒ400,000 for Equites ƒ3,000 for 4th class

16. Party Politics Cursus honorum jpg

17. Party Politics Personalities & Programs Nobiles –Military service requirements class determined Cavalry/officer class –Centuriate Assembly Vote for consuls praetors Vote in order by class –Senate Ex-magistrates life-time membership Subdivisions based on rank (highest office held) –Asked to speak in order of rank –Election to office influenced by family & hereditity »novus homo

18. Party Politics Personalities & Programs Equites –Cavalry/officer class

19. Party Politics Personalities & Programs Pedites Foot Soldier Classes –Class based on property rating ƒ50,000 4 classes for small farmers No landed property