1. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 1 Supporting Spectrum Warfare E-Warfare: EW, IW and Cyber Warfare A US Perspective COL (Ret) Laurie “Moe” Buckhout President, AOC The AOC: Leading Spectrum Warfare and the EW and IO Communities

2. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 2

3. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 3 The Bad News: We’re not where we need to be – no coherent strategies for e- Warfare because of distributed and disconnected leadership and oversight. The Good News: We at least are beginning to understand the criticality of the EMS in uniting all warfighting domains and are attacking the problem. Just pray we don’t run out of money before we figure it out.

4. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 4 A Bit of a Problem IO CNO EW EMS

5. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 5 US IO – Old and New Old Definition: “Information Operations (IO) – the integrated employment of electronic warfare (EW), computer network operations (CNO), psychological operations (PSYOP), military deception (MILDEC), and operations security (OPSEC), in concert with specified supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human and automated decision making while protecting our own.” New Definition: “The integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own”

6. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 6 Supporting Spectrum Warfare JP3-13.1 25 January 2007 CHAPTER: I OVERVIEW OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE (U) Paragraph: 4 Role of Electronic Warfare in Military Operations The term electronic warfare (EW) refers to any action involving the use of electromagnetic (EM) or directed energy (DE) to control the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) or to attack the enemy. EW includes three major subdivisions: electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), and electronic warfare support (ES). Figure I-2 depicts an overview of EW, the relationships of the three subdivisions, and the relationship of the subdivisions to principal EW activities.

7. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 7 Cyberspace Operations

8. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 8 Coherent View of the Electromagnetic Environment

9. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 9 EMS: Whose Problem Is It? Intel? Ops? Federal ? Comms? International? CYBER? Services? IO?

10. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 10 “You can’t touch the spectrum, you can’t see the spectrum, and the devices which manipulate the spectrum are a mystery to everyone but technical experts. It is a challenge to explain Electronic Warfare to Members of Congress and even senior officials at the Department of Defense. But controlling the Electromagnetic Spectrum is essential to winning wars and protecting our service members.” Rep Rick Larsen September 15, 2010 Is this critical element just another “enabler” which connects other domains? And if we continue to see it as such, will we ever develop the leadership and oversight and management to ensure our ability to fight and win within this particular arena?

11. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 11 When does an environment become a “domain?” Space Cyberspace Land Sea Air ? When you want to preserve it for Sovereign use… And with a domain follows governance, leadership, resources – all those things needed for forces to develop capabilities to fight within that domain…

12. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 12 Is this something we want to preserve for our sovereign use? YES!!!

13. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 13 The EMS as Domain – Essential to Winning EMS is a Global Common: The last ten years of conflict have proven beyond a doubt the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) is a global commons – it is both contested and congested with very little control or supervision. All Services, all industries, all nations use the spectrum, both in conflict and peacetime. The US Military must create sovereign options in the EMS Domain through policy, doctrine and organization. Domains: Land, Air, Sea and Space domains were shaped by the elements of combat power within those domains and by the necessity to thus preserve freedom of action within them. The EMS is no different – it is full of combat elements and other users, but as of yet does not have the regulatory measures applied. Common Objectives across Domains: Policy - Build global regimes – work with international communities – treaties, agreements and policies Doctrine - Engage pivotal actors –state and non-state Organization - Reshape American hard power to defend the contested commons (the EMS) and preserve freedom of action

14. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 14 Segueing to the US DoD Budget Electronic warfare and electro-optics countermeasures are shaping up to be among the few real growth areas of the Pentagon's fiscal 2013 budget.Electronic warfareelectro-optics countermeasures The 2013 DOD budget $3.44 billion in electronic warfare and electro-optical countermeasures procurement, and $1.52 billion in research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E). The procurement number is up 3.4 percent from current-year levels of $3.32 billion, and is down 21.1 percent from 2011 levels of $4.36 billion. The RDT&E number is 8.9 percent more than current-year levels of $1.27 billion, and 15.3 percent higher than 2011 levels of $1.31 billion.

15. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 15 Following the Money $1.06 billion to buy 12 U.S. Navy Boeing EA-18G Growler electronic warfare jets. $950.5 million contribution to support the Attack the Network project of the Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) $400 million contribution to the JIEDDO's Defeat the Device program $100.2 million to buy 43 AN/TPQ-48/49 Lightweight Counter Mortar Radar (LCMR) systems $281.1 million U.S. Air Force system development and demonstration initiative to develop a modern electronic warfare defensive management system for the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber to replace the existing Lockheed Martin AN/APR-50 electronic support measures (ESM) system. 168.6 million procurement plan next year to buy the Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM) system. LAIRCM is designed to defend large aircraft such as the C-17 cargo jet from shoulder-launched heat-seeking missiles. $187 million U.S. Navy plan to develop the Next-Generation Jammer (NGJ), which will replace the AN/ALQ-199 as the Navy's primary airborne electronic warfare system. The Navy $71.3 million into the Joint Counter Radio Controlled IED Electronic Warfare (JCREW) research and development program, as well as $92.3 million for the AN/SLQ-32 shipboard electronic warfare system procurement. $1B in Army Integrated Electronic Warfare System.

16. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 16 The Way Ahed It’s all about the Spectrum Nobody is in charge of it We have met the enemy on the Spectrum, and it is us And it is also a lot of other guys Bad guys, good guys, neutral guys and a lot of ones we created through harmonics and other magical stuff Most of our senior warfighters don’t understand this and our combat developers respond to them However… The emerging budget may be our friend…

17. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 17 The Challenge To work collaboratively, with little governance nor resource sponsorship, in an environment defined differently by every “player”; to resolve to create open-architecture systems without parochialism in order to allow for a “build it and they will come” acceptance; to create leadership from within; to not exclude, but to include, the gamut of users of the EMS and to create an multi-community capability with proven relevance to the warfighter! Hell, there are no rules here--we're trying to accomplish something! - Thomas A. Edison

18. ASSOCIATION OF OLD CROWS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION The information contained in this document is the property of the AOC. Further dissemination is prohibited without the written permission of the AOC. Slide 18 Supporting Spectrum Warfare QUESTIONS?