3. PRESENTATION DO’S AND

4. Muscle contains proteins of many sizes ProteinkDaFunction titin3000center myosin in sarcomere dystrophin400anchoring to plasma membrane filamin270cross-link filaments into gel myosin heavy chain210slide filaments spectrin 265attach filaments to plasma membrane nebulin107regulate actin assembly a-actinin100bundle filaments gelosin90fragment filaments fimbrin68bundle filaments actin42form filaments tropomyosin35strengthen filaments myosin light chain27slide filaments troponin (T, I, C)30, 19, 17 mediate regulation of contraction thymosin5sequester actin monomers

5. Phylogenetic Tree SALMON TROUT Phylogenetic Tree ANCHOVIES HERRINGS SARDINES CARP MINNOW CATFISH PIKE SMELT COD HAKE POLLOCK FLOUNDER SOLE HALIBUT TUNA MACKEREL SNAPPER PERCH WALLEYE BASS Metazoa Protostome ArthropodMollusk OYSTER CLAM MUSSEL SCALLOP OCTOPUS SQUID CRAB LOBSTER SHRIMP EchinodermChordate Deuterostome GAR OstheichthyesChondrichthyes STURGEON SHARK ReptiliaAvesMammaliaAmphibiaAgnatha

7. The stages of mitosis are shown for the onion root tip and the whitefish blastula. The top three slides show the onion root tip. The first is anaphase where the chromosomes are separating. The second is metaphase where the chromosomes line up on metaphase plate. The third is interphase. The next three pictures are of the whitefish blastula. The first is anaphase where the chromosomes are separating. The second is interphase and the third is telophase.

8. INTERPHASE

9. PROPHASE

10. Methods of transformation Electroporation –Electrical shock makes cell membranes permeable to DNA Calcium Chloride/Heat Shock –Chemically-competent cells uptake after heat shock

11. Methods of transformation Electroporation –Electrical shock makes cell membranes permeable to DNA Calcium Chloride/Heat Shock –Chemically-competent cells uptake after heat shock

12. Why perform each transformation step? Positive charge of Ca +2 ions shields negative charge of DNA phosphates CH 2 N N H O O OH O P O O O O Ca++

13. Traditional Systematics and Taxonomy Classification –Kingdom –Phylum –Class –Order –Family –Genus –Species Traditional classification based upon traits: –morphological –behavioral