1. Fish Reproduction

3. Spawning? Egg Maturation Ovulation Spawning

4. Temperature Photoperiod Spawning?

5. Temperature

6. Pineal Gland Photoperiod

7. Opening for pineal gland

9. Weather

10. Substrate

14. Mate Availability & Pheromones Mate Availability & Pheromones

18. Temp Photoperiod Mate Availability Spawning Substrate Availability Spawning Substrate Availability Health Status Weather Pheromones

19. Goldfish Spawning Feed broodfish Move to warm holding tanks Use lights to lengthen photoperiod Move to shallow spawning tanks Add spawning mats Increase depth to cover mats Use some old water

21. Brain to Pituitary Gonadotropin Hormone Releasing Hormone GNRH Pituitary

22. Gonadotropin Pituitary to Nads

23. Estrogen Testosterone Nads to Nads

24. Estrogen Vitellogenin = Yolk Vitellogenin = Yolk Ovary to liver

25. Testosterone Nads to Elsewhere

32. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Estrogen Sperm development, Secondary sexual characteristics, Spawning Behavior

33. Immature Sperm

34. GlandularEpithelium

35. Swordfish sperm packets in various stages of development

36. Sperm Heads Flagella

37. Gonopodium

41. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics, egg development, yolk production (liver), spawning behavior, ovulation

43. Yolk Shell Follicle

45. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes Liver GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Yolk Protein Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics

46. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes Liver GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Yolk Protein Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics

47. Temp Photoperiod Mate Availability Spawning Substrate Availability Spawning Substrate Availability Health Status Weather Pheromones

48. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes Liver GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Yolk Protein Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics

49. Leutenizing Hormone Releasing Hormone LHRH GNRH

50. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes Liver GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Yolk Protein Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics

51. Dried Pituitary Too many hormones !

52. Gonadotropin

53. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin HCG

54. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes Liver GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Yolk Protein Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics

55. Eye Pineal Others... Brain Pituitary Testes Liver GnRH Gonadotropins Testosterone Ovary Yolk Protein Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics

56. Induced Spawning 1.Temp, photoperiod, other cues 2.LHRH 1.Replaces GnRH 3.Gonadotropin from dried pituitary 1.Clumsy! 4.Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) 1.Replaces gonadotropin 5.Hormones only finish egg development and spawning 1.Temp, photoperiod, other cues 2.LHRH 1.Replaces GnRH 3.Gonadotropin from dried pituitary 1.Clumsy! 4.Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) 1.Replaces gonadotropin 5.Hormones only finish egg development and spawning