1. Funding opportunities in integrative and systems (I&S) biology Gregory D. Fink, Ph.D. Michigan State University

2. Where do federal research and development dollars to universities go?

3. Summary of trends in government funding for research (FY 1990-2001)

4. Summary of trends in government funding for research (FY 2000-2002)

5. Summary of trends in NIH funding for biomedical research (FY 1995-2001) NIH budget: $11.3 to $20.3 billion (+79.6%) Funding for RO1s: $4.3 to $8.2 billion (+90.7%) # RO1s funded: 20,415 to 27,127 (+32.9%) Number of RO1 apps: 22,296 to 21,805 (-2.2%) Number of new RO1s: 5,618 to 6, 817 (+21.3%) RO1 success rate: 25.2% to 31.3% (+19.8%) Ave size of RO1: $212.2K to $302.1K (+42.4%)

6. Total NIH support for biomedical research--trends (1968-2001) I&S biology research ?

7. What is the evidence that funding for I&S biology is decreased? On April 19, 1996 the NHLBI hosts a Special Emphasis Panel on Integrative Research. Recommendations included: Scientific review groups need greater awareness and sensitivity to I&S research I&S research can be promoted by “coupled” NIH grants involving PIs with molecular and I&S expertise Need training grants that focus on I&S research training A training course in I&S research should be developed cooperatively by NIH, industry and professional societies.

8. What is the evidence that funding for I&S biology is decreased? American Physiological Society American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics American Association of Anatomists American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Society of Toxicology Others

9. What is the evidence that training for I&S biology research is decreased? “Many can genotype, but few can phenotype” -- Dr. Sam Enna

10. How can NIH support for I&S research be identified and quantified? Major differences in opinion about what constitutes I&S research Investigators doing I&S research don’t usually say so explicitly Much I&S research is done as part of larger projects with molecular / cellular emphasis NIH has no mechanism to identify I&S research projects

11. Percentage of funded grants identified in CRISP using the phrase “whole animal”

12. Do MDs do more I&S research? Funding success rate versus PhDs

13. Is clinical research more I&S than basic research?

14. More PhDs do clinical research than do MDs Data from the year 2001

15. What factors might contribute to decreased funding for I&S biology? Retirement of I&S researchers Hiring practices Study sections Journal “impact factors” Media Paradigm fatigue?

16. Do NIH study sections really devalue I&S research? “Innovation” as a specfic critique item Quest for the “modern” New technologies Rapid publication Animal use issues New convert zeal

17. What factors might contribute to decreased funding for I&S biology? Retirement of I&S researchers Hiring practices Study sections Journal “impact factors” Media Paradigm fatigue?

19. What factors might contribute to decreased funding for I&S biology? Retirement of I&S researchers Hiring practices Study sections Journal “impact factors” Media Paradigm fatigue?

20. Conclusions Widespread belief that I&S research funding has decreased over the last decade Hard evidence is difficult to extract from existing databases Perception affects research and training activities anyway New emphasis on “translational” research