1. EMEP Monitoring programme Wenche Aas EMEP/CCC (NILU)

2. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Outline  EMEP monitoring programme  Why, where, what  Monitoring strategy  Quality assurance  EMEP Manual for sampling and analysis  Nationally  Centrally by EMEP/CCC  How to organize the work nationally

3. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 The EMEP vision; To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe EMEP Topics Acidification and Eutrophication Photochemical oxidants Heavy metals Persistent Organic Pollutants Particulate matter UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (50 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first is European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties)

4. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Objectives of the EMEP measurement programme Establish pollutant concentrations, deposition, emissions and transboundary fluxes on the regional scale, including intercontinental transport and boundary conditions for urban air quality Identify the trends with time as well as their sensitivity to European emission reductions Assess the success of international abatement strategies for atmospheric pollutants Improve the understanding of atmospheric chemical and physical processes Provide data for the validation of models Provide data which, in conjunction with models, are the basis for the assessment of environmental problems related to air pollution including comparison with effect thresholds and exposure levels Provide measurements required to assess the effects of atmospheric pollutants Serve to explore the environmental concentrations of new substances and support the development of cost-effective abatement strategies.

5. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Light blue = no risk Forests – acid dep. Semi-natural – acid dep.Freshwater – acid dep. Health - PMHealth+vegetation - ozoneVegetation – N dep. Environmental problems in 2020

6. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Intercontinental transport of Hg Total annual Hg deposition in the Northern Hemisphere Mercury deposition to Europe: contribution of continents of NH

7. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009  Adopted in December 2004  Three levels approach  Level 1 Basic (1.st priority for new Parties)  Level 2 Supersites (added to level 1 sites)  Level 3 Research driven supersites  Parties responsibility to implement the Strategy

8. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Monitoring programme: Level 1 Main ions in precipitation and in air heavy metals in precipitations ozone PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass meteorology at ca 125 sites Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW) POPs Heavy metals in air and aerosols VOC EC/OC, OC speciation Mineral Dust PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio + all level 1 activities 15-20 sites Both levels are mandatory by all Parties

9. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Monitoring programme, Level 3 Optical propertiesScattering and absorption coefficients Research driven and voluntary,

10. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Positive consequences  Many countries have initiated national revision plans, the general impression is that most Parties intend to comply with requirements.  The strategy is used as an important instrument towards the funding authorities. CCC may assist when needed.  Generally large interest from research groups to get involved in EMEP measurements.  A better link between the traditional monitoring community and the research groups has been established  Particulate matter observations are in very good progress  Support to establish EMEP level 1 sites in some EECCA countries

11. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Challenges Level 1  Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe  Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1

12. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 New EMEP sites in the EECCA region MD: Leovo UA: Danube delta KZ: Borovoye GE: Abastumani AR: In process

13. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 New sites that will be establish: Georgia: Abastumani Moldova: LeovoKazakhstan: Borovoye Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

14. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Expectations, EECCA countries  A very important region  High emissions  Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues  Little monitoring today  Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon.  Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. Training and capacity building is necessary.  Beeing part of an international monitoring programme, as on transboundary air pollution, will in addition, give competence and awarness on other envirionmental issues

15. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Challenges Level 1  Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe  Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1 Level 2  POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention  Photooxidats receives little attention (but EU directive addressing PAHs offers assistance)  Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s costly and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)

16. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 ~ 70 samples (NILU 2006) ~30 samples (NMR 2007-2008) ~2*50 samples (NFR 2006-2008) ~ 50 samples (INTAS 06-08)? Interlinked POP passive sampling campaigns have been initiated to improve the poor spatial coverage at present: GAPS study

17. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006

18. Purpose  Comparable measurements needed to make regional and global assessments  Need methods that are easy to use, cheap and long lasting for trend analysis (changing methodology may affect the trend  A harmonisation of methodology has been developed during the last 30 years and are still developing –close cooperation between CCC and international experts

19. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Necessary national commitments  Proper siting for representative measurements  Use recommended field methods for precipitation, gas and aerosols (main comp, HM, POP, PM, VOC)  Use recommended lab methods  Follow QA/QC procedures in field and lab  Reporting of data in proper format incl information of methods, detection limits, precisions, siting information etc (so called meta data)

20. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 QA activities in EMEP Site characterization Documentation of methods and material -detection limits, precision, accuracy, -instructions for maintenance and calibration Manual and standard operating procedures (SOPs) Lab intercalibration Co-located experiments (field comparison) Training courses Data checking and validation -e.g calculate ion balance and time trends Flagging data

21. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Field inter- comparisons, SO4 in air Estonia Spain

22. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Lab intercomparisons annually Rel bias % Rel standard dev %

23. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 QA flags based on lab and field intercomp.

24. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 National organisation of EMEP monitoring  Signing the EMEP protocol gives a national responsibility usually charged by the Ministry of Environment  The daily work are usually being done my hydrometeorological institutes or similar by contract of the Ministry  A close contact with universities and other research communities needed to interpret data and co-benefits the infrastructures both in lab an field

25. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Data flow (a typical example) Measurements are evaluated in the labs after accredited procedures or similar Project leader usually at the same institute QA/QC the data Approval by the national government Continuously Monthly or annuallyAnnually International bodies like EMEP/CCC Annually Approval by the international bodies (EMEP: Steering Body) Annually Often different databases and formats

26. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Data reporting, the site “NN” story Need to have instruments to avoid duplication of data in the different programmes and define where the official data are.

27. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006 Summary  EECCA region of high importance and relevance  EMEP is a long lasting programme that need long commitments from the national authorities  Quality assurance is an essential part of the monitoring programme  EMEP/CCC assists  when support letter etc is needed or  training of QA/QC procedures  Reporting of data  etc

28. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. CAPACT meeting Almaty 16-18 Oct 2006