1. Drill: Calculate the pH of 0.10 M H 2 Z in 0.50 M KHZ. K a1 = 2.0 x 10 -5 K a2 = 5.0 x 10 -9

2. Salt or Hydrolysis Reactions

3. Hydrolysis Any reaction in which water is decomposed with all or part of its decomposition portions combining with the products

4. Hydrolysis Water is added to decompose something

5. Hydrolysis MX + HOH HX + MOH

6. Salts

7. Ionic compounds that dissolve ~ 100 % in water

8. Salts of Acids Salts of acids are negative (A - )

9. Salts of Bases Salts of bases are Positive (M + or B + )

10. Salt Solutions When salts dissolve, their ions can recombine with water

11. Salt Solutions The salts of weak acids can recombine with water producing basic solutions

12. Salt Solutions The salts of weak bases can recombine with water producing acidic solutions

13. Salt Solutions A - + H 2 O HA + OH - B + + H 2 O H + + BOH

14. Drill: Calculate the salt/acid ratio of a solution of benzoic acid & sodium benzoate at a pH of 5.00. K a HBz = 6.4 x 10 -5

15. Salt or Hydrolysis Problems

16. Salt Problem Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of NaBz K a HBz = 6.4 x 10 -5

17. Drill: Calculate the pH of a solution of 0.10 M NH 3 in 0.20 NH 4 Cl. K b NH 3 = 1.8 x 10 -5

18. Salt or Hydrolysis Problems

19. Salt Problem Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of KNO 2 K a HNO 2 = 7.1 x 10 -4

20. Salt Problem Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M solution of R-NH 3 Cl K b R-NH 2 = 2.5 x 10 -5

21. Calculate the pH of a 0.18 M solution of KC 2 H 3 O 2 K a = 1.8 x 10 -5

22. Drill: Calculate the salt to acid ratio required to make a buffer solution with a pH of 4.495 using benzoic acid. K a HBz = 6.4 x 10 -5

23. Salt Applications Salts of strong acids & weak bases make acidic solutions

24. Salt Applications Salts of strong bases & weak acids make basic solutions

25. Salt Applications Salts of strong acids & strong bases make neutral solutions

26. Predict Relative pH NaAcMnCl 2 KNO 3 NH 4 Br KHSO 4 NH 4 Ac

27. Predict Relative pH KAcNaCl KClO 2 NH 4 Cl K 2 SO 4 NaI

28. Anhydrides Compounds without water; that when added to water, form other compounds

29. Acid Anhydrides Non-metal oxides that form acids when added to water

30. Basic Anhydrides Metal oxides that form bases when added to water

31. Predict Relative pH Na 2 OSO 2 NO 2 CO 2 CaOAl 2 O 3

32. Calculate the pH of a 0.16 M solution of KC 7 H 5 O 2 K a = 6.4 x 10 -5

33. Calculate the pH of a solution of 0.0030 M KQ. K a HQ = 3.0 x 10 -5

34. Drill: Calculate the pH of a 0.72 M NH 4 NO 3 solution. K b NH3 = 1.8 x 10 -5

35. Are there any questions on previous material?

36. A/B eq, Buffer & Salt Hydrolysis Problem

37. Calculate [H 3 PO 4 ], [H 2 PO 4 -1 ], [HPO 4 -2 ], [PO 4 -3 ], [K + ], [H + ], & pH of 1.0 M KH 2 PO 4 in 0.50 M K 2 HPO 4. K a1 = 7.5 x 10 -3 K a2 = 6.2 x 10 -8 K a3 = 4.2 x 10 -13

38. You need to make a buffer solution with its greatest buffering capacity at pH ~ 5.4. In general terms, describe what acid or base you would chose, & how you would make the buffer.

39. 11.2 g of KOH was added to 2.0 L of 0.075 M H 2 CO 3. Calculate the molarity of all ions present in the solution. K a1 = 4.4 x 10 -7 K a2 = 4.8 x 10 -11

40. Drill: Calculate the pH of 0.10 M HF. K a HF = 6.5 x 10 -4

41. Test Review

42. Expect a straight acid/base problem like the drill

43. Calculate the pH of 0.10 M HF in 0.20 M KF. K a HF = 6.5 x 10 -4

44. Calculate the pH of 0.10 M KF. K a HF = 6.5 x 10 -4

45. Predict Relative pH K 2 OMgO ClO 2 (NH 4 ) 2 O SO 3 N 2 O 3

46. Predict Relative pH KAcNaCl KClO 2 NH 4 Cl K 2 SO 4 NaI

47. Calculate the pH of 5.0 M KCN. K aHCN = 5.0 x 10 -10

48. Calculate pH of: 0.20 M MOH in 0.50 M MCl K b = 5.0 x 10 -5

49. Calculate pH of: 0.20 M MCl K b = 5.0 x 10 -5

50. Drill: Calculate the pH of 0.20 M KQ. K a HQ = 8.0 x 10 -5

51. Calculate pH of: 0.20 M HNO 2 K a = 2.0 x 10 -4

52. Calculate pH of: 3.0 M HZ in 2.0 M KZ K a HZ = 3.0 x 10 -5

53. Calculate pH of: 0.20 M KR K a HR = 2.0 x 10 -5

54. Calculate pH of: 2.0 M HQ K a = 2.0 x 10 -6

55. Calculate pH of: 0.60 M HZ in 0.90 M KZ K a HZ = 3.0 x 10 -5

56. Calculate pH of: 0.20 M KQ K a HQ = 2.0 x 10 -7

57. 1.5 L of 0.25 M Ba(OH) 2 was added to 1.0 L of 0.60 M H 2 SO 3. Calculate [H 2 SO 3 ], [HSO 3 - ], [SO 3 -2 ], [H + ], [OH - ], & pH of the solution. K a1 = 1.7 x 10 -2 K a2 = 6.0 x 10 -8

58. Review of Acid/Base descriptions and Acid/Base, Buffer, & Salt Equilibria

59. Arhenius, Bronsted- Lowry, & Lewis Acids & Bases

60. Strong Acids Strong Bases

61. Acid rxns Base rxns

62. A/B Equilibrium Constants K W, K A, K B, & pH

63. Calculate pH of: 0.025 M HNO 3 0.020 M KOH

64. 150 mL of 0.10 M KOH was added to 100.0 mL of 0.10 M H 2 CO 3. Calculate [H 2 CO 3 ], [HCO 3 - ], [CO 3 -2 ], [H + ], [OH - ], & pH of the solution. K a1 = 4.4 x 10 -7 K a2 = 4.7 x 10 -11

65. Calculate [H 3 A], [H 2 A -1 ], [HA -2 ], [A -3 ], [K + ], [H + ], [OH - ], & pH of 2.0 M KH 2 A. K a1 = 4.0 x 10 -3 K a2 = 5.0 x 10 -8 K a3 = 2.5 x 10 -13

66. The take-home portion of the test is due by 8:15 tomorrow