1. Chapter 8
Acids, Bases, and pH

2. The pH scale pH scale is labeled 0-14 7 = neutral
0-7 = acids, 7-14 = bases
“weak”, closer to 7
“strong”, closer to 0 or 14

4. Acids (0-7)
A compound that produces hydronium (H30+) ions when dissolved in H20
Example: HCl + H20  H30+ + Cl-
Sour taste, react with metals, produce color changes in indicators
Examples: fruit, shampoo, vinegar

5. Bases (7-14)
A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in H20
Example: NaOH + H2O  Na+ + OH-
Bitter taste, slippery feel, produces color changes in indicators.
Example: deodorant, Tums (antacid), soap

6. Neutralization The rxn of acid + base Example: H+ + OH-  H20
Neutral substances will not produce color changes in indicators.

7. Neutralization and Salts
The negative ions of an acid combine with the positive ions of a base to produce an ionic compound called a salt.
The neutralization reaction between acid and base produces a salt and water.
(H3O+ + Cl-) + (Na+ + OH-)  2HOH + (Na+ + Cl-) acid base water salt

8. Indicators Something that indicates the pH of a solution or substance
Examples:
Natural (some flowers, cabbage juice, red onion juice)
pH paper (Litmus blue or red, universal)