2.  Roman expansion:  Punic Wars Carthage vs. Rome Romans won & gained control over Mediterranean Sea  Julius Caesar Roman general who made himself dictator Assassinated (i.e. murdered) by Senate, who feared he would make himself emperor  Augustus & the Pax Romana Augustus: first emperor Pax Romana: period of peace & stability that lasted almost 200 years

3.  Video – “DE – The Pax Romana” (4:10)  TAKE NOTES (I will be calling on students to share what they learned)  How long did the Pax Romana last?  What happened during the Pax Romana?  When did Rome stop expanding? Why?  Rome stopped expanding in 106 C.E. b/c…  What else did you learn in the video?

4.  Ordinary Romans got…  New jobs, better housing, free grain (the Dole), free public baths  Massive building program in Rome Marble from nearby hills for palaces, theaters, shrines, and public baths

5.  Augustus (1 st emperor, founded Praetorian guard)  27 BCE - 14 CE  Tiberius  14-37 CE  Caligula  37-41 CE  Claudius  41-54 CE  Nero  54-68 CE  Year of Four Emperors  69 CE  Vespasian (Founder of Flavian dynasty)  69-79 CE  Titus  79-81 CE  Domitian  81-96 CE

6.  Nerva (96-98 CE) – became emperor at age 65 & tried to pass reforms in Rome  Trajan (98-117 CE) – extended Roman empire to largest size  Hadrian (117-138 CE) – Hadrian’s Wall in England, Pantheon  Antoninus Pius (138-161 CE) – reign was most peaceful during entire Imperial period  Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE) – philosopher- king  Death of Marcus Aurelius marks end of Pax Romana

7.  “ Mixed bag” of Roman emperors  Some attempted to make changes/reforms Limit power of Praetorian Guard, protect borders of empire, etc.  Others made things worse Costly wars with other peoples, slaughtering innocent people, etc.