1. 3 large groupings of Protists -protozoans (animal like) -slime molds and water molds (fungi like) -algae (plant like) Members of a Kingdom that is under reorganization

2. -animal-like protists are heterotrophic -free-living and parasitic types -live in aquatic environments 4 groups of protozoans (we will look at each in more detail) Mastigophorans (flagellates) Sarcodines (amoebas) Sporozoans Ciliates

3. -move by one or more flagella -most are free-living -an important parasite is Trypanosoma -causes sleeping sickness Found in Human Blood

4. Giardia this protist causes cramps and diarrhea “Hikers disease” from drinking contaminated water -these are the most closely related to prokaryotes

5. Euglena Photosynthetic flagellates Chloroplasts are atypical of mastagophorans -most likely came from secondary endosymbiosis Because they are photosynthetic sometimes they get classified with the plant-like protists

6. -move and feed by pseudopodia -extension of cell membrane -ingest other protozoans - phagocytosis (creating a food vacuole)

7. - all parasitic Plasmodium causes malaria

8. Plasmodium has complex life cycle using 2 hosts Plasmodium feeds off the hemoglobin of the red blood cells

9. -use cilia to move and feed -found in aquatic environments -nearly all are free-living ex: Paramecium and Stentor

10. Have a unicellular and multicellular life stage single celled “amoeba like” cells can aggragate to form a multicellular state -find each other by chemotaxis Single and Multicellular

11. Found on moist decaying matter Plasmodial stage consists of single mass of cytoplasm containing many nuclei (multinucleate) Enters this stage when there is a food shortage Reproductive stage

12. most are photosynthetic

13. DINOFLAGELLATES -unicellular -some photosynthetic, some heterotrophic -outer plates made of cellulose -2 plates come together with flagella between

14. may cause "red tides"  massive fish death from toxins

15. DIATOMS unicellular, photosynthetic surrounded by glassy shell of silicon -important base of aquatic food chains

16. GOLDEN ALGAE (Chrysophyta) May be mixotrophic Have yellow & brown carotene and xanthophylls as accessory pigments

17. Green algae (Chlorophyta) -single celled -colonial -multicellular -chlorplasts similar to land plants ex: Chlamydomona, Volvox

18. volvox Chlamydomonas is unicellular while volvox is colonial. Each individual cell in volvox is very similar to chlamydomonas

19. Multicellular algae Kelp, seaweed -are multicellular -may be very large -lack true stems, leaves, roots, and vascular systems -not plants

20. -have adapted to life at ocean margins -analogous structures to plants -thallus  seaweed body -holdfast  rootlike structure -stipe  stemlike structure - blade  leaflike structure

21. GREEN ALGAE (multicellular) Life cycle include an alternation of generations which is similar to plants These are the closest relative of the plants

22. BROWN ALGAE include huge kelp forests

23. RED ALGAE (Rhodophyta) - contain phycobilins -accessory pigments that absorb blue and green wavelength -have been found at great depths  other wavelengths filtered out -found in tropics -some have a hard chalky coating -may help in formation of reefs