1. Diversity through extrapolation of microevolutionary mechanisms

2. Groupings Population Local group of orgs of one species

3. Groupings Species Populations of orgs that may interbreed to produce fertile offspring

4. Isolation of Subpopulations Mechanisms of evolution cause isolated subpopulations to diverge

5. Geographic Isolation Populations are physically separated

6. Geographic Isolation Natural selection, mutations, and gene flow occur independently in isolated populations

7. J F M A M J J A S O N D Reproductive Isolation Mating Season for Group A Mating Season for Group B Pops overlap, but are unable interbreed successfully Prezygotic Behavioral Behavioral Temporal Temporal Mechanical Mechanical

8. PostzygoticInviabilityInfertility Reproductive Isolation

9. Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record Extant species are not the only ones to have existed on Earth

10. Fossil Record Some fossils indicate missing links between extant groups Evidence of Evolution

11. Rates of Change Punctuated Equilibrium Gradualism

12. Evidence of Evolution Homologous Structures

13. Evidence of Evolution Analogous Structures

14. Evidence of Evolution Vestigial Structures

15. Biochemistry Molecular comparisons indicate relations (closer match = closer relation) Molecular comparisons indicate relations (closer match = closer relation)  DNA Hybridization  Protein Comparison (amino acid sequence) A B C AB A+B Evidence of Evolution

16. Similarity in embryology indicates common ancestry Evidence of Evolution Sponge Jellyfish Clam Insect Human

17. ChickenFishHumanRabbitSalamander