1. PRINCIPLES OF NUCLEAR POWER INTRODUCTION TO NAVAL ENGINEERING

2. BASIC SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS P e-e- X A Z where: X is the chemical symbol A is the # of protons plus neutrons Z is the # of protons only Bohr’s Model U 235 92 EXAMPLE

3. ISOTOPES P e-e- N e-e- PN e-e- PN HYDROGENDEUTERIUM TRITIUM

4. BASIC FISSION EQUATION

5. ENERGY RELEASED 235 U+ 1 n 94 Zr + 140 Ce+ 2 1 n 92 MASS OF REACTANTS U - 235.04390 amu n - 1.00867 amu ------------------------------ TOT: 236.95257 MASS OF PRODUCTS Zr - 93.90631 amu Ce - 139.90539 amu 2 n - 2(1.00867) amu ------------------------------ TOT: 235.82904 amu mass defect: 236.05257 - 235.82904 =.22353 amu 1 amu = 931.48 MeV where 1 Mev = 1.52x10-15 Btu Therefore: Binding Energy = 208.21372 MeV

6. TYPES OF NEUTRONS l Fast neutrons –Have KE of.1 MeV –Produced through fission –Very few will cause fission l Slow neutrons –Have KE of 1 eV –Must be slowed by a MODERATOR –Main producer of fission

7. THE NEUTRON LIFE CYCLE

8. TERMS RELATED TO REACTIVITY l REACTIVITY- –Critical –Sub-Critical –Super-Critical

9. UNITED STATES NAVAL REACTORS ARE PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS

11. REACTOR CORE & PRESSURE VESSEL

12. NAVAL REACTOR SAFETY l INHERENT STABILITY l WATER IS BOTH MODERATOR AND COOLANT –POWER GOES UP –TEMP GOES UP –DENSITY GOES DOWN –# THERMALIZED NEUTRONS GOES DOWN –POWER GOES DOWN

13. PRESSURIZER

14. RADIATION & SHIELDING l Must protect personnel from the various types of radiation –Alpha particles ( very large, positive) –Beta particles (tiny, negative) –Gamma rays (no mass, no charge) –Neutrons (large, no charge)

15. SHIELDING

16. ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER Allows for truly submersible weapons platform CVN’s can carry twice the JPF and weapons as a conventional CV Extreme endurance (only limited by food) ALL AHEAD FLANK FOR A YEAR

17. DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER l Considerable cost of construction/ decommission l Great weight of shielding materials l Environmental concerns –Public Information

18. FISSION YIELD CURVE The probability that a particular pair of fission fragments will be produced by fission

19. BINDING ENERGY ATOMIC NUMBER ENERGYENERGY MOST STABLE ELEMENT (Fe)