1. Nuclear Energy

2. Is Nuclear Energy Justified and should it be expanded?
Can it replace Fossil fuels?
What ways can we reduce the wastes produced in the reactor core.
How can uranium be separated from Plutonium?

3. AIM: Potential Problem Storage of Nuclear Wastes
To Reduce wastes of radioactive contamination.
To create and design a suitable waste Storage.
Potential Problem
Cost of construction
Storage facilities

4. Nuclear Wastes are produced in many different ways:
Wastes created as a result of radioactive contamination
Wastes produced as a by product of uranium enrichment.
Radioactive Isotopes with long half lives tend to be alpha and beta emitters.

5. Spent Fuel Rod

6. Print master

7. Beta Decay Beta Decay is the process in which an electron or neutron
Is emitted from an atom
The Splitting of an atom of uranium 235 in the reactor of a
Nuclear plant produces two to three neutrons and those
Neutrons can be absorbed by uranium 238 to produce plutonium.
When an atom of U-238 is exposed to
Neutron radiation, it produce U-239, then
It undergoes beta decays then produce
Neptunium then plutonium.
The fission of one atom of plutonium 239
Generates MegaV.

8. Mechanism Plutonium n+ 238U 239U 239Np+ e- + Ve- 239Np 239Pu + e- +Ve-
Uranium Metal
2U + 3H UH3

9. Types of storage Deep geological storage
Cost of construction is 40 million dollars
Potential Storage areas in Nigeria
Obudu, but its already used for tourist center
Chappal Waddi in Taraba State

10. Country
Facility name
Location
Geology
Depth
Status
Belgium
HADES Underground Research Facility
Mol
Plastic clay
223 m
in operation 1982
Canada
AECL Underground Research Laboratory
Pinawa
Granite
420 m [
Japan
Horonobe Underground Research Lab
Horonobe
Sedimentary rock
500 m
under construction[8]
Mizunami Underground Research Lab
Mizunami
1000 m
under construction[

11. Cost 25 million dollars for two hundred Cylinders
Dry Cask Storage
Dry cask storage is a method of
storing high-level
radioactive, such as spent nuclear
fuel that has already been
cooled in the spent fuel pool for at
least one year. When inside
, the fuel rods are surrounded by
gases.. Each cylinder is
surrounded by additional steel,
concrete, to provide radiation
shielding to workers and members
of the public. Some of
the cask designs can be used for
both storage and
transportation. Companies
Holtec Intl, NAC Intl. and
Areva.
Cost 25 million dollars for two hundred Cylinders

12. Solutions By Doyin
The radioactive isotope i.e. plutonium can be recycled back into the reactor.
Still Investigating> Disposal in outer space.
The waste should be mixed with broken Glass material to solidify the wastes.
Under ground storage facilities close to the nuclear power plant site.

13. THANK YOU!!!