1. Chap 7 – The Skeleton Learning Objectives:
Name and describe the bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, shoulder, hip, arm, and leg. Name and describe the important markings on these bones as well as any sutures.
Describe vertebrae structure and distinguish between cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Differentiate between true and false ribs.
Begin reading Chap 7 (at least 1/3 of it covering the skull, cranium, and facial bones. Review anatomical parts related to. Finish your reinforcement exercise.

2. PREDICT
TBA in Class
NOTE: The skull is the cranium plus facial bones (including jaw)

3. Cranium
__ major cranial bones – two _____, two ______, _______, ________, sphenoid, and ethmoid
Also contains ‘minor’ bones of the middle ___ (we will study those later in Chap 13)
Cranial bones are thin and remarkably strong for their weight

4. Anterior View
Label the cranial bones (ones that are encircled in red) ONLY for now!

5. Posterior View
Label red encircled structure ONLY for now. It is the last of the cranial bones.

6. Quick Check 1. How many bones in the cranium?
2. List the main bones of the cranium in your notes now.

7. Individual Practice: Getting To Know the Cranial Bones & Markings
Important Markings
Answer Choices (Cranial Bones)
1. Styloid process pg 180
a. Frontal pg. 179
2. Supraorbital foramen pg 179
b. Parietal pg. 179
3. Mastoid process pg 180
c. Occipital pg. 179
4. Sella turcica pg. 182
d. Temporal pg. 179
5. Crista galli pg. 180
e. Sphenoid pg. 179
6. Zygomatic process pg. 180
f. Ethmoid pg. 179
7. Foramen magnum pg. 182
8. Cribriform plate pg. 182
9. Internal acoustic meatus pg. 182
10. Occipital condyle pg. 182
11. Mandibular fossa pg. 186
12. Foramen ovale pg. 182
13. Middle nasal conchae pg. 179
14. Jugular foramen pg. 182
15. External acoustic meatus pg. 182
16. Hypoglossal canal pg. 182
17. Optic canal pg. 179
18. Foramen rotundum pg. 182
19. Foramen spinosum pg. 182
20. Sup. oribital fissure pg. 179
Individual Practice: Getting To Know the Cranial Bones & Markings
Instructions: A) Using Table 7.1 on pages 190 – 191, complete the following exercise by matching the letter of the correct answer. Answers can be used more than once.
B) Additionally for your benefit, take time to locate each marking & bone on one of the diagrams on pages 179 – 182; 186.
NOTE: TO BE COMPLETED IN CLASS. If you do this ahead of time, please be aware that you will need to practice this again in class (you will not be given free time to visit or chat with your neighbor)

8. Frontal Bone Forms the anterior portion of the cranium
Label bones with me. Label only the ones I indicate on your practice diagrams.
Forms the anterior portion of the cranium
Major markings include the supraorbital margins

9. Parietal Bones
Four sutures mark the articulations of the parietal bones
Coronal suture – articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly
Squamosal or squamous suture – where parietal and temporal bones meet
Sagittal suture – where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly
Lambdoid suture – where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

10. Occipital Bone Forms most of skull’s posterior wall and base
Major markings include:
occipital condyles
foramen magnum
hypoglossal canal

11. Temporal Bones Major markings include: - zygomatic process
- mastoid process
- styloid processes
- mandibular fossa

12. Sphenoid Butterfly-shaped bone
Forms the central wedge that articulates with all other cranial bones
Consists of:
- greater wings
- lesser wings
- pterygoid processes
Major markings:
- sella turcica
Major openings include:
- foramen rotundum
- foramen ovale
- foramen spinosum
- optic canals
- superior orbital fissure

13. Ethmoid
Most deep of the skull bones; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones
Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits
Major markings include:
- crista galli
- cribriform plate
- nasal conchae

14. Individual Practice: Facial Bones, pg 191
Instructions: This practice should answer the questions, “What is it? And “Where is it located?” Match up the bone with its description.
If you finish before most people, spend your time locating the 8 facial bones mentioned here on pages 180 – 189.
Facial Bone
Answer Choices (descriptions)
1. vomer
a. constructs bridge of the nose
2. inferior nasal concha
b. forms part of lateral wall of the nasal cavity
3. zygomatic
c. forms parts of the medial orbit wall
4. nasal
d. forms posterior part of the hard palate & a small part of nasal cavity and orbit wall
5. maxilla
e. forms upper jaw and parts of the hard palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls
6. mandible
f. forms cheek and part of orbit
7. lacrimal
g. part of nasal septum
8. palatine
h. lower jaw

15. Facial Bones
_____ (upper jaw)
______ bones

16. Facial Bones continued
6. ________
3. _________
4. _________
5. _____
7. _______
8. Inf. Nasal ______

17. Reinforcement Exercise
Label remaining practice diagrams
(following parts only):
Pg 189 – optic canal, lacrimal bone, zygomatic bone (blue one), zygomatic process, greater wing, lesser wing, supraorbital foramen
Page 190 – superior/middle/inf meatus, sphenoid sinus, pterygoid process, palatine bone (both), maxillary bone, nasal bone, inf/ middle, sup. nasal concha (all 3; NOTE - 2 of which make up the ethmoid bone), vomer, sella turcica, crista galli, cribriform plate