2.  Population of Estonia: 1,294,236 (2011 census; compare to 2000 census data, when the counted size of the population was 1,370,052)

4.  Male  Aged 15-34  Low-skilled  Among Estonian immigrants in Finland, the proportion of university-educated people in the emigrant population is much less than in the total Estonian population  Also, the proportion of emigrants who are highly educated has further decreased since Estonia joined the EU

5.  Destination countries are the Nordic countries, particularly Finland  Ireland and Great Britain have lost their importance  Australia and the United States of America are popular places (for young people)

6.  In 2011 the number of returning Estonian nationals among immigrants made up more than half of immigration to Estonia

7.  Talents Back Home!  Return support

8.  Up to 2000 euro per adult relocation support.  Conditions: › The person emigrated from Estonia at least 10 years ago or was born in a foreign country. › The person has retained ties with the Estonian culture or is willing and wanting to join it. › The person is in need of financial aid to return to Estonia due to his or her financial or social background.  Main reasons are family reunification and better living and work prospects.  Too restrictive?

9.  Numbers of emigrants too small to significantly influence Estonia’s unemployment and the level of wages, though emigration might prove useful in case of high unemployment => No relevant studies. Numbers too small to assess impact?  Temporary emigration has positive aspects, such as increase in people’s knowledge and skills, plus remittances  Improvement of return rate  Influence of permanent emigration is negative due to the occurring brain drain, decrease in productivity and loss in investments through education