2. Egypt (Cairo)- controls Suez Canal and Sinai Peninsula; cotton, cement, tourism Libya (Tripoli)- ruled by Gaddafi, more than 90% desert, oil and natural gas Tunisia (Tunis)- heavy gov’t control of the economy, oil, mining, tourism, textiles

3. Algeria (Algiers)- problems with terrorism, 2 nd largest country in Africa, oil, natural gas Morocco (Rabat)- Atlas Mountains, monarchy, mining, textiles, tourism Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia are former French colonies Egypt was a former British colony Libya was a former Italian colony

4. Mauritania (Nouakchott)- ½ of population depends on agriculture and livestock Mali (Bamako)- one of poorest countries in the world, 65% of the land is desert Niger (Niamey)- one of the hottest countries in the world, subsistence based economy Chad (N’Djamena)- more than 120 different languages spoken Nigeria (Abuja)- religious unrest; oil rich Central African Republic (Bangui)- gold and diamond mining

5. Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa)- straddles equator; formally known as Zaire Congo (Brazzaville)- lots of political unrest Gabon (Libreville)- prosperous; oil refining Equatorial Guinea (Malabo)- oil, fishing Cameroon (Yaoundé)- Mt Cameroon is an active volcano Benin (Porto Novo)- underdeveloped economy Togo (Lome)- cocoa, coffee, cotton Ghana (Accra) – Lake Volta is world’s largest man made lake; cocoa, gold, ship building

6. Cote d’Ivoire (Yamoussoukro)-world’s largest producer of cocoa beans Liberia (Monrovia)- created by US in 1822 as place for freed slaves Guinea-Bissau (Bissau)- 1 of 5 poorest countries in the world Gambia (Banjul)- smallest country in Africa Senegal (Dakar)- westernmost country in Africa; fishing, oil refining, gold mining

7. Sudan (Khartoum)- largest country in Africa, genocidal civil war going on Ethiopia (Addis Ababa)- only country in Africa never to be colonized by Europeans Eritrea (Asmara)- gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993; salt, cement, cotton Djibouti (Djibouti)- strategic position on world’s busiest shipping lanes Somalia (Mogadishu)- terrorism problems, strategic location on Horn of Africa Kenya (Nairobi)- Mt. Kenya, tea, coffee, tourism

8. Uganda (Kampala)- landlocked, but many lakes and rivers make fertile soil Tanzania (Dar es Salam)- Mt. Kilimanjaro and Lake Victoria, one of the poorest Rwanda (Kigali)- most densely populated country in Africa; many years of civil war Burundi (Bujumbura)- only 50% of children go to school, very poor Zambia (Lusaka)- cooper, corn, rice, peanuts, fertilizer Malawi (Lilongwe)- tobacco, tea, sugar, cement Mozambique (Maputo)- cotton, cashews, sugarcane

9. South Africa (Pretoria)- practiced “apartheid” until the 1990s Botswana (Gaborone)- most of population lives in eastern part of the country; copper Swaziland (Mbabane)- monarchy; almost completely surrounded by South Africa Lesotho (Maseru)- completely surrounded by South Africa; monarchy, mountainous

10. Madagascar (Antananarivo)- world’s 4 th largest island; seafood, sugar, tourism Zimbabwe (Harare)- 50% are synergetic- mix of Christianity and indigenous beliefs Angola (Luanda)- oil, diamonds, iron ore, uranium, gold Namibia (Windhoek)- first country to incorporate environmental protection into constitution