1. New developments to progress Smart Buoy Idea Motyzhev S.*, Horton E.**, Lunev E.*,Kirichenko A.*,Tolstosheev A.*,Yachmenev V.* * Marine Hydrophysical Institute NASU/Marlin-Yug Ltd, Kapitanskaya,2, Sebastopol, Ukraine, 99011 ** Naval Oceanographic Office, 1002 Balch Boulevard, Stennis Space Center, MS 39522-5001,USA

2. Goals of this year investigations according to the DBCP Workshop recommendations 1. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Design of SVP-BT mini (34-cm hull, 61-cm drogue) as a whole to have a variety of mini drifters, e.g. subsurface temperature at the 12-m depth 30-month theoretical lifetime when continuous operation Reliability of AP measurements Indication of drogue attachment Capability of surface waves estimation Higher space-time resolution of measurements Some smart parameters (e.g. real-time clock, self-determination of area and season, etc.) 2. Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain Development of the drifter Reliability of AP measurements Influence of drogue on vertical stabilization of chain Determination of the chain profile Indication of drogue attachment Capability of surface waves estimation Test air drop from C-130 aircraft

3. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter 34-cm hull; 3.6 cm OD 1-wire carrier cable as a tether line; 61-cm OD 4-segment holey sock. Drag Area Ratio=40. Equipped with modified barometric port and Tz sensor SVP-BT mini drifter, equipped with MT105AM PTT with decreased power consumption SVP-BT mini drifter, equipped with MT305B PTT (0.5W emitting power and GPS module) 2 drifters Two versions of SVP-BT mini drifters deployed in the Black Sea (3 Jul 2006) (SST and Tz-12 m)

4. SVP-BT mini ID40414 in the Black Sea (July-September, 2006) Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter 07.03 07.13 07.23 08.03 08.13 08.23 09.02 09.12 09.22 Map of the buoy drift Surface and subsurface (12.5m) temperatures variability 25 20 15 10 Temperature,  C Date

5. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter AP measurements by mini drifters with old (ID34252) and modified (ID40414) barometric ports

6. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Submergence data to check the drogue attachment for SVP-B(T), SVP-B(T) mini and SVP-BTC drifters Rough sea surface Wrong determination, when extreme waves Hurricane Katrina

7. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Submergence data to derive sea state and waves Submergence sensors Wind(SubM)~3.4+0.58·SubM [m/s]; Stdev=1.8 m/s

8. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Tracing of drifter by means of MT305A (0.5W+GPS) PTT SVP-BT-GPS mini ID47621 TrimbleLassen iQ GPS module

9. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Possible smart parameters when using GPS PTT Self-determination of area and season Choose of time resolution of samples Self-determination when come ashore Real-time clock Etc.

10. Evaluation of Smart buoy prototype on basis of SVP-BT mini drifter Theoretical lifetime of the buoy in months after 1 year of storage MT105A Old PTT MT105AM Economic PTT MT305A 1.0W+GPS PTT 4*8=32 D-cell Alkaline Batteries 17 2013 5*8=40 D-cell Alkaline Batteries 22 2516

11. 15м 35м 60м 80м 0м 10м 12м 15м 20м 25м 30м 35м 40м 45м 50м 55м 60м 65м 70м 75м 80м T e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r s D e p t h s e n s o r s Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain 80-m SVP-BTC in comparison with 60-m SVP-BTC  Depth of drogue connection with tether is 10 m instead 12.5 m  7 additional temperature sensors at 10, 12.5, 15, 65, 70, 75, 80m  3 additional depth sensors at 15, 35, 60m  Modified barometric port

12. Trajectories of two 80-m SVP-BTC drifters deployed in the Black Sea (July - September 2006) Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain

13. AP data for 2 temperature profiling drifters deployed in 2006 by Meteo-France in Gulf of Guinea Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain

14. The data from temperature sensors measured during drift of the SVP-BTC buoy ID56093 (July - September 2006) Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain

15. Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain D e p t h, m 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Depths of isotherms 20, 18, 14, 12, 11, 10  С, measured by SVP-BTC drifter ID56092 ( July - September 2006) 02.07 12.07 22.07 01.08 11.08 21.08 31.08 10.09 11.09

16. Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain The results of temperature measurements with 80-m SVP-BTC drifter Mixed layer Vertical profile Cold intermediate layer

17. Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 D e p t h, m Horizontal Deflection, m Mutability of the chain profilesLevels of vertical oscillations Hreg35=8.1+0.74*H80+0.00238*(H80) 2 ; D =0.24м 2 Hreg60=1.8+0.71*H80-0.00118*(H80) 2 ; D =0.27м 2 Approximation H35 and H60 depth sensors locations depending on H80 depth sensor data D e p t h, m 03.07 08.07 13.07 18.07 23.07 Date 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

18. Evaluation of SVP-BTC drifter with 80-m temperature chain Amplitude of vertical oscillations of chain's upper point depending on submergence level

19. Results of SVP-B mini evaluation MT105AM PTTMT305B PTT+GPS Positive results * Design of the drifter ensures reliable operation for long time * AP channel provides reliable measurements * Sensor of submergence allows to determine the drogue attachment * Submergence data can be used to derive sea state and waves * Lifetime is up to 31 months after 1 year of storage * Lifetime is - 25 months (0.5W) * Higher space-time resolution * Some smart parameters The problems to be settled * Real-time clock (at the end of this year) * 1.0W emitting power instead 0.5W (at the end of this year) * Automatic deployment after drop to water * Automatic switch on after drop

20. Results of 80-m SVP-BTC evaluation Positive results * Lifetime up to 3 months * AP channel ensures reliable measurements * Drogue provides good stabilization of chain's upper point * Depth sensor at the end of chain allows to have location of each temperature sensor within 1 m * Sensor of submergence allows to determine the drogue and chain attachment * Submergence data can be used to derive sea state and waves The problems to be settled * To increase reliability and cost-effectiveness of temperature profiling drifter by testing use of acoustic data transmission between drogue and surface float * Improvement of technology to have lifetime up to 6 months * To design the packaging system to avoid damages of drifter during transportation and deployment * Automatic deployment after drop to water (including air drop) * Automatic switch on after drop 15м 35м 60м 80м 0м 10м 12м 15м 20м 25м 30м 35м 40м 45м 50м 55м 60м 65м 70м 75м 80м T e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r s D e p t h s e n s o r s

21. Thanks