Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byWendy Powers Modified over 9 years ago
1
Floodplain Management SESSION 3 Stream Systems on Dynamic Earth Meteorological Framework Prepared By Donald R. Reichmuth, PhD.
2
Meteorological Framework Objectives: Show Temperature & Pressure Gradients Show Water Sources Define A River Basin Explain Published Resource Data Illustrate Factors Affecting Weather List Weather Related Disasters
3
North American Temperature Data Mid-Continent: (North Central US & Canadian Plains) Normally has cold winters and hot summers that causes Mid-Continent Winter High Pressure & Summer Low Pressure
4
Winter Temperature Data Typical Winter Pattern: Coldest in Northern Mid-Continent 2004 Departure: From Mean
5
North American Air Flow Monsoon Pattern Monsoon Defined: A wind system that reverses direction between summer and winter.
6
Monsoon Air Flow
8
Earth’s Water Sources: Outer Space Volcanoes Rock Disintegration Total Volume: 309,000 Units One Unit (1) = 4475 Cubic Km (1070 Cubic Miles) 100 Units = Yearly Evaporation From Oceans 300,000 Units = Present Volume All Oceans
9
Water Distribution ( Total Units)
10
Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation From Oceans Wind Moves Moisture Laden Clouds Moisture Condenses & Falls Precipitation Falls Back Into Oceans Produces Stream Flow On Land Enters Groundwater On Land Water Returns To Oceans
11
Simplified Hydrologic Cycle
12
Detailed Hydrologic Cycle ( Units Per Year)
13
River Basin Defined The surface catchment area upstream from a given point on a stream. River Basin Runoff: Surface Stream Flow Controlled by Surface Topography Groundwater Flow Controlled by Subsurface Structure
14
River Basin Example
15
Basin Topographic Map Grand River NOTE: Subbasins Marked
16
Block Diagram Grand River Basin
17
Moisture Forecast http://www.cpc.ncp.noaa.gov/ ptoducts/analysis/monitoring/cdus/palmer_drought_outlook.gif http://www.cpc.ncp.noaa.gov/
18
River Forecast Centers www.nws.noaa.gov/er/nerfc
19
Hazards Assessment Briefing http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/ products/predictions/threats http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/
20
Precipitation Data National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) National Water & Climate Center www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ Snow Survey & Water Supply www.nrcs.gov/programs/snowsurvey/ Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC) wrcc@dri.edu
21
NRCS Snow Water Content http://www.mt.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/data.current.html
22
River Basin Precipitation Data (wrcc@dri.edu)
23
Floodthreat Example
24
Flood Risk Example
25
Flood Warning Example April 11, 2004 Red River, ND
26
Palmer Drought Severity Index 1.A “Meteorological” Drought Index 2.Widely Used In The USA 3.Measures Abnormality 4.Range +6 ---- Extremely Wet 0 ------ Near Normal -6 ----- Extremely Dry
27
Dendrochronology Example: Determining Past Climate Conditions
28
Drought Information Center (NOAA) http://www.drought.noaa.gov/index.html Home Page Menu Lists Links To Numerous Products Precipitation Soil Moisture Drought Fire Potential Temperature
29
Drought Conditions http://drought.unl.edu/dm
30
Drought Prediction http://www.ncep.noaa.gov/ products/expert_assessment/season_drought.gif http://www.ncep.noaa.gov/
31
Local Microclimates Orographic Precipitation Caused by Anabatic (Blowing Up Slope) Wind Rain Shadows Caused by Katabatic (Blowing Down Slope) Wind Lake Effects Caused by Wind Blowing Over Water Heat Islands Caused by Urban Heat Sources Acid Rain Caused by SO 4 Emissions
32
Topographic Influence
33
Effect of Smoke Stack Emissions
34
Effect Of Urban Heat Islands
35
Lake Effect On Snowfall
36
Average Runoff Patterns Low ----- Western Plains & Southwest High ----- New England, Appalachians, Gulf Coast & Pacific Northwest
37
Major Disasters By State
38
Major Disasters
39
Fire Management Early 1900’s Fire Suppression Increased Fuel Load Triggered Species Changes 1980’s Period Major Wild Fires Controlled Burns Started
40
Fire History Example Tree Ring Studies
42
Slide Presentation Prepared By Geomax, P.C. Dr. Donald R. Reichmuth, President 1023 W. 30 th Ave. Spokane, WA 99203-1324 Phone & FAX – 509-838-6390 E-mail – geomax@comcast.net
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.