1. 1 Grids and Web 2.0 supporting eScience STEM Scholars Seminar Indiana University Memorial Union August 1 2007 Geoffrey Fox Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Pervasive Technology Laboratories Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 gcf@indiana.edu http://www.infomall.org

2. 2 Community Grids Laboratory Technology Expertise Web Service and Web 2.0 technologies for large scale distributed systems -- largely to support science Web Services: Integrate ideas in Enterprise Software into science Web 2.0: Integrate ideas in Flickr Connotea Slideshare Scribd and YouTabe into science Geographical Information Systems (e.g. Google Maps) Streaming Sensor data (including audio-video streams) Portals (User Interfaces) Parallel computing to make computers fast Technologies built as part of applications

3. 3 Community Grids Laboratory Projects Funded by NSF NASA NIH DoE and DoD Cheminformatics – High Throughput Screening data and filtering; PubChem PubMed including document analysis Interactive Particle Physics Data Analysis Earthquake Science predicting earthquakes using simulations and satellite and GPS global positioning system Sensor Grid eSports collaboration for real time trainers and sportsman with HPER IU School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. Ice Sheet Dynamics – melting of Glaciers Navajo Nation Grid Education (Science Gateways) and Healthcare Web 2.0 tutorial and distance education course spring 2007 Architecture of Air Force Sensor and Decision support systems

4. 4 Why Cyberinfrastructure Useful Supports distributed science – data, people, computers Exploits Internet technology (Web2.0) adding (via Grid technology) management, security, supercomputers etc. It has two aspects: parallel – low latency (microseconds) between nodes and distributed – highish latency (milliseconds) between nodes Parallel needed to get high performance on individual 3D simulations, data analysis etc.; must decompose problem Distributed aspect integrates already distinct components Cyberinfrastructure is in general a distributed collection of parallel systems Cyberinfrastructure is made of services (usually Web services) that are “just” programs or data sources packaged for distributed access

5. 5 e-moreorlessanything and Cyberinfrastructure ‘e-Science is about global collaboration in key areas of science, and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it.’ from its inventor John Taylor Director General of Research Councils UK, Office of Science and Technology e-Science is about developing tools and technologies that allow scientists to do ‘faster, better or different’ research Similarly e-Business captures an emerging view of corporations as dynamic virtual organizations linking employees, customers and stakeholders across the world. The growing use of outsourcing is one example The Grid or Web 2.0 (Enterprise 2.0) provides the information technology e-infrastructure for e-moreorlessanything. A deluge of data of unprecedented and inevitable size must be managed and understood. People (see Web 2.0), computers, data and instruments must be linked. On demand assignment of experts, computers, networks and storage resources must be supported

6. TeraGrid: Integrating NSF Cyberinfrastructure TeraGrid is a facility that integrates computational, information, and analysis resources at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, the Texas Advanced Computing Center, the University of Chicago / Argonne National Laboratory, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Purdue University, Indiana University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Today 250 Teraflop; tomorrow a petaflop; Indiana 20 teraflop today becoming 30 teraflop SDSC TACC UC/ANL NCSA ORNL PU IU PSCNCAR Caltech USC-ISI Utah Iowa Cornell Buffalo UNC-RENCI Wisc

7. 7 Virtual Observatory Astronomy Grid Integrate Experiments RadioFar-InfraredVisible Visible + X-ray Dust Map Galaxy Density Map

8. 8 Grid Capabilities for Science Open technologies for any large scale distributed system that is adopted by industry, many sciences and many countries (including UK, EU, USA, Asia) Security, Reliability, Management and state standards Service and messaging specifications User interfaces via portals and portlets virtualizing to desktops, email, PDA’s etc. ~20 TeraGrid Science Gateways (their name for portals) OGCE Portal technology effort led by Indiana Uniform approach to access distributed (super)computers supporting single (large) jobs and spawning lots of related jobs Data and meta-data architecture supporting real-time and archives as well as federation Links to Semantic web and annotation Grid (Web service) workflow with standards and several successful instantiations (such as Taverna and MyLead) Many Earth science grids including ESG (DoE), GEON, LEAD, SCEC, SERVO; LTER and NEON for Environment http://www.nsf.gov/od/oci/ci-v7.pdf

9. Old and New (Web 2.0) Community Tools e-mail and list-serves are oldest and best used Kazaa, Instant Messengers, Skype, Napster, BitTorrent for P2P Collaboration – text, audio-video conferencing, files del.icio.us, Connotea, Citeulike, Bibsonomy, Biolicious manage shared bookmarks MySpace, YouTube, Bebo, Hotornot, Facebook, or similar sites allow you to create (upload) community resources and share them; Friendster, LinkedIn create networks http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites Writely, Wikis and Blogs are powerful specialized shared document systems ConferenceXP and WebEx share general applications Google Scholar tells you who has cited your papers while publisher sites tell you about co-authors Windows Live Academic Search has similar goals Note sharing resources creates (implicit) communities Social network tools study graphs to both define communities and extract their properties

10. 1010 “Best Web 2.0 Sites” -- 2006 Extracted from http://web2.wsj2.com/http://web2.wsj2.com/ Social Networking Start Pages Social Bookmarking Peer Production News Social Media Sharing Online Storage (Computing)

11. 11 Web 2.0 Systems are Portals, Services, Resources Captures the incredible development of interactive Web sites enabling people to create and collaborate

12. 1212 Mashups v Workflow? Mashup Tools are reviewed at http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=63http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=63 Workflow Tools are reviewed by Gannon and Fox http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/Workflow-overview.pdf http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/Workflow-overview.pdf Both include scripting in PHP, Python, sh etc. as both implement distributed programming at level of services Mashups use all types of service interfaces and do not have the potential robustness (security) of Grid service approach Typically “pure” HTTP (REST)

13. 1313 Grid Workflow Datamining in Earth Science Work with Scripps Institute Grid services controlled by workflow process real time data from ~70 GPS Sensors in Southern California Streaming Data Support Transformations Data Checking Hidden Markov Datamining (JPL) Display (GIS) NASA GPS Earthquake Real Time Archival

14. 1414 Web 2.0 uses all types of Services Here a Gadget Mashup uses a 3 service workflow with a JavaScript Gadget Client

15. Web 2.0 APIs http://www.programmable web.com/apis has (May 14 2007) 431 Web 2.0 APIs with GoogleMaps the most often used in Mashups http://www.programmable web.com/apis This site acts as a “UDDI” for Web 2.0

16. The List of Web 2.0 API’s Each site has API and its features Divided into broad categories Only a few used a lot (42 API’s used in more than 10 mashups) RSS feed of new APIs Amazon S3 growing in popularity

17. 4 more Mashups each day For a total of 1906 April 17 2007 (4.0 a day over last month) Note ClearForest runs Semantic Web Services Mashup competitions (not workflow competitions) Some Mashup types: aggregators, search aggregators, visualizers, mobile, maps, games Growing number of commercial Mashup Tools

18. 18 Mash Planet Web 2.0 Architecture http://www.imagine -it.org/mashplanet Display too large to be a Gadget

19. 19 Searched on Transit/Transportation

20. 20

21. 21 Now to Portals 21 Grid-style portal as used in Earthquake Grid The Portal is built from portlets – providing user interface fragments for each service that are composed into the full interface – uses OGCE technology as does planetary science VLAB portal with University of Minnesota

22. 2222 Portlets v. Google Gadgets Portals for Grid Systems are built using portlets with software like GridSphere integrating these on the server-side into a single web-page Google (at least) offers the Google sidebar and Google home page which support Web 2.0 services and do not use a server side aggregator Google is more user friendly! The many Web 2.0 competitions is an interesting model for promoting development in the world-wide distributed collection of Web 2.0 developers I guess Web 2.0 model will win! Note the many competitions powering Web 2.0 Mashup Development

23. 23 Building Distributed Systems or Cyberinfrastructure for Science One use Web 2.0 which is more intuitive and has lower barrier to entry Typically uses PHP Or Web Service technology which is more powerful (e.g. for security) but has a high learning and infrastructure overhead Typically uses Java One can use Grid resources like TeraGrid and/or Web 2.0 capabilities like MySpace, Google Maps We try to use best of both worlds!

24. 24

25. 25 Workflows - Taverna (taverna.sourceforge.net)

26. 26 The first particle physics experiment: The Big Bang A Brief History of Time  10 -43 secs; 10 -37 secs  Gravity; Strong forces separate  10 -35 secs  Inflation  10 -10 seconds  Quark-AntiQuark Annihilation (CP Violation)  10 microseconds  Quarks form protons, neutrons  380,000 years (last scatter)  Nuclei capture electrons, form atoms; universe transparent to light  1.0 Gigayear  Galaxies begin to form  13.7 Gigayears: Today LHC CMB

27. Michel Della Negra/Opening Session/18 September 200627 Closing CMS for the first time (July)

28. 28 Higgs diphoton Analysis using Rootlets

29. 29 Ice Sheet Dynamics

30. 30 My Tags Menu Opened up. My Account also opens up to show account and profile information

31. 31 Add To CITeam button opens new window Clicking the Add To CITeam button opens up this box to add information about this page (tags, description, etc), which will be added to our database and to Connotea