1. The Civil War
A Nation Divided

2. Causes Slavery States Rights Lincoln’s Election
Control of Government – “New States”

3. 2 Sides Union – North Confederacy – South
Confederate States of America
Secession – to leave a group or union

5. War Begins Fort Sumter – last Union held fort in the South
Dilemma for Lincoln and Davis
Attack and cause war or hold back and seem weak
Picks to do nothing and sends food.
Jefferson Davis chooses war
Virginia leaves the union – BIG loss

6. Fort Sumter before the war

7. Fort Sumter after the war

8. Firearm Production Ratio
North vs South
21 million
4 million
1.1 million 25 15 32
Population
Eligible for Military
Industrial Workers
Naval Ship Ratio
Iron Production Ratio
Firearm Production Ratio
9 million
1.1 million
.2 million 1
Question: What does this data tell you about who had an advantage in this war? Does this also give you a preview of who will win this war? Explain.

9. Strategies North South Blockade ports
Cut confederacy in 2 at the Mississippi river
Capture capital of Richmond, VA
*** Anaconda Plan
South
Defense, Defense, Defense!!!
Attack if possible
Question: Who do you think has the better chance for victory based off of these plans? Explain.

10. Battle of Bull Run Journal
July 21, 1961 – First real battle
Both sides inexperienced
Confederacy inspired by Gen. “Stonewall” Jackson
Seesaw battle, Confederacy takes the field
Union Retreats to Washington D.C.

11. General “Stonewall” Jackson (C.S.)

12. Bull Run Creek

13. Union Army Grows
Lincoln appoints Gen. George McClellan to lead the Union army
Over 1 million northerners enlist in the Union army after bull run
General McClellan (U.S.)

14. Fighting in the West
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant commands the union in the west
Fighting over access to rivers
“no terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted”
- Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
Question: Why was water so important to both armies during the war?

15. General Ulysses S. Grant (U.S.)

16. Battle of Shiloh Journal
Grant gathered his men in a small Tenn. Church named Shiloh
Sneak attack in the morning hours by the Conf.
Counter attack and victory the next day by the union
Lessons Learned: send out scouts, dig trenches, build forts

17. Painting depicting the Battle of Shiloh

18. Road sign in remembrance of the Battle of Shiloh

19. Union Captures Southern Port
April 1862 Union ships capture New Orleans
Question: Why would New Orleans be such an important city to control during the Civil War?

20. War Technology Ironclads – fortified ships built of metal
Rifle and Minie Ball – much more accurate and deadly than muskets
Primitive landmines and grenades

21. Ironclad Ship

22. Civil War Rifle
Minie Ball bone wound
Musket Ball and Minie Ball

23. Civil War era grenade (primitive)

24. Battle of Antietam Journal
September 17, Maryland
Robert E. Lee is appointed leader of Conf. Army
Conf. army wins the second battle of Bull run and plans on marching on D.C.
McClellan discovers that Conf. army has split into 2 groups on Antietam Creek
McClellan’s men simply out lasted the Conf. due to numbers
Bloodiest single day in US history – 26,000 dead, Union victory

25. Aftermath of the Battle of Antietam

26. Casualties at the Battle of Antietam

27. Emancipation Proclamation
A document that declared slaves free behind Confederate lines
No slaves freed immediately
Designed as a weapon of war
Freed slaves would join the fight

28. Question: What does this cartoon infer about the effects that the Emancipation Proclamation will have on the slaves and the US?

29. Political Problems Copperheads – northern democrats that wanted peace
Conscription – a draft that would force certain people to serve in the military
Men ages
You could buy your way out for $300
Only 8% of Union army were drafted
Draft Riots

30. African American Soldiers
180,000 union soldiers were African-Am.
Most joined after emancipation proclamation
Less pay than whites
If captured, they were killed on the spot
Question: Why do you think that most African-Am. waited until after the emancipation proclamation to join the army?

31. All black regiments in the Union Army

32. Economic Issues Southern food shortages Northern economy grows rapidly
Inflation ( $6.65 to $68 a month for food)
Northern economy grows rapidly
But still had inflation
Congress passes an income tax – the government taking a certain percent of a persons income.
Question: How would the combination of inflation and income tax effect the average worker?

33. Conditions of War Death everywhere – fear
Neighbor vs. Neighbor – Brother vs. Brother
Poor hygiene
Body lice, dysentery, diarrhea
Food shortages or bad food
No proper disposal of waste

34. Overcrowded camps
Question: How does this picture depict conditions during the Civil War that would have led to severe medical issues?

35. Civil War Camps

36. Civil War Medicine Field Hospitals
Minie Ball wound often caused amputation
Bone saw and chlorophorm - Anesthetic: A substance that causes lack of feeling or awareness.
Little, if any, sterilization – killing of germs to prevent disease
Government tries to clean it up
Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix

37. Outdoor hospital tent

38. Civil War operating table

39. Tool used to administer chloroform

40. Bone saw
Amputations
Amputee
Amputated legs

41. Table showing how the number of illness dropped as medical condition improved throughout the Civil War

42. Battle of Chancellorsville, VA Journal
May 2, 1863
Easy Confederate victory – Union Retreat
Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot by one of his own men
Loses an arm, catches pneumonia and dies

43. Battle of Gettysburg, PA Journal
July 1-3, 1863
Small Conf. group invades in search of shoes
Union gives up the town but holds the hills around the city
3 solid days of fighting
Pickett’s Charge – last Conf. effort
Union holds on to win – turning point
Deadliest battle – nearly 50,000 dead or wounded

44. Map of the Battle of Gettysburg

45. Battle field after the Battle of Gettysburg

46. Soldiers lying dead in a trench after Gettysburg

47. Battle of Vicksburg, MS Journal
Last Conf. fort on the Mississippi
Grant sends troops to take out railroads to distract the Conf. – it works!!!
String of small battles leading to Vicksburg
Union wins battle after battle gaining confidence
Siege on Vicksburg – cut off all supply lines
Starve them out, shoot cannons in
July 4, 1863 after 18 days the Conf. give up Vicksburg
Union takes total control of the Mississippi and cuts the Union in half.

48. Map of the Battle of Vicksburg

49. Gettysburg Address Speech commemorating a cemetery at Gettysburg
Changed America’s opinion of America
“All men are created equal”
“of the people, by the people, for the people”

50. Gettysburg Address
Click video to start

51. Grant vs. Lee Grant appointed new leader of Union Army’s
Lee could not keep up with the amount of men
The North could lose men and easily replace them, the south was running out
South was losing morale

52. Sherman’s March
Grant orders William Tecumseh Sherman to take out the port city of Atlanta
Captures, loots, plunders, and burns most cities on the way and on the way back.
Total destruction of everything in his path
Victory is at hand
Lincoln win election of 1864

53. Destruction of southern railroads during Sherman’s March

54. Painting showing the destruction of towns during Sherman’s March

55. War comes to an end…
After many defeats by Grant and Sherman Conf. leaders abandon capitol and burn it as they leave
Robert E. Lee signs a formal surrender on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

56. Painting depicting Robert E
Painting depicting Robert E. Lee singing the surrender at Appomattox Court House

57. Appomattox Court House