1. The Rise of Realism The Civil War to 1914 Painting: Home, Sweet Home (1863) by Winslow Homer Pages 378-395

2. Civil War: What do you know? 1.Why was the war fought? (382-386) 2.How was the war fought? What did the fighting look like? (382-386) 3.What was the result of the war? (380, 386) 4.Was any war literature produced? Why or why not? (388-389) 5.After the Civil War, what type of writers emerged and what did they write about? (391)

3. Literature During this Period Short stories, novels, poetry, muckraking journalism Famous Writers: Mark TwainHarriet Beecher Stowe Stephen CraneKate Chopin Henry JamesW.E.D Dubois Jack LondonWilla Cather The only reason for the existence of a novel is that I does attempt to represent life. -Henry James

4. Elements of Realism Write about ordinary characters & realistic events Avoid the exotic, sensational, and overly dramatic Use everyday speech patterns to reveal class and geographic distinctions (regionalism) Focus on ethical struggles and social issues of real-life situations What are realists reacting against??? Page 391

5. Romanticism TranscendentalismDark Romanticism Realism Naturalism Psychological Realism

6. Psychological Realism: Inside the Human Mind Look at why ordinary people behave the way they do: character motivation Look at how social and psychological situations influence behavior Juxtapose human illusions with the indifference of the universe Henry James & Stephen Crane

7. Elements of Naturalism (an offshoot of realism) Analyze human behavior objectively like a scientist Belief that human behavior is determined by heredity and environment Sense that humans cannot control their own destinies Sense of life as a losing battle against an uncaring universe Page 393-394