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Published byLorena Anderson Modified over 9 years ago
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MIXTURES, SOLUTIONS AND PURE SUBSTANCES
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Matter and its appearance According to its appearance, there are two kinds of material systems: Homogeneous systems: they have the same properties and compositions in all different parts of them. Heterogeneous systems: different parts with different properties can be found in them.
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Homogeneous Systems
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Heterogeneous Systems
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Heterogeneous Mixtures Systems with several different substances that can be distinguished: Oil and water. Granite is a rock that has three different substances: quartz, mica and felspar. Blood: using a microscope we can see a liquid (plasma) and different kinds of cells. Smoke: has solid particles in a gas (air).
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Heterogeneous Mixtures How to separate their components: – If the components are a solid and a liquid, we can separate them by filtering. E. g.: water and sand
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Heterogeneous Mixtures How to separate their components: – Decantation: This method uses the different densities of the components to separate them: (E.g.: oil and water)
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Homogeneous Systems There are two kinds of homogeneous systems: Pure substances: They have only one component They have constant composition and properties. Solutions: They have several components. Their composition can be changed
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Solutions A solution has, at least, two components: Solute: It is the component that is present in a lower quantity in the solution. Solvent: It is the component that is present in excess. Its state never changes when the solution is being formed A simple sample: salty water: There is much more water than salt Water is a liquid and the solution too. SOLUTE = SALT and SOLVENT = WATER
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Solutions They are not always liquids !!!
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Solutions How to separate its components: – Evaporation and crystallization: a liquid evaporates at room temperature, but a solid doesn't.
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Solutions How to separate its components: – Distillation: this method is useful to separate: Liquids whose boiling points are different Liquids and solids
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Pure Substances Pure substances: They have a constant composition. They can't be separated in simpler substances using physical methods. There are two different kinds of pure substances: Chemical compounds: pure substances that cannot be separated using chemical methods. Elements: pure substances that can't be separated into others
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Four kinds of matter
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