1. EARTH MATERIALS EQ:What materials compose the Earth? CLASSROOM UNSQUARED

2. Leave no Tern Unstoned! Ouch TERN

3. Earth Material’s Chemistry Naturally-occurring elements and compounds are called minerals. Naturally occurring mixtures of minerals, large deposits of single minerals, or organic materials are called rocks.

4. Properties of Minerals Inorganic Crystalline or amorphous Chemical composition Luster (metallic or nonmetallic) Color Hardness (1-10 Moh’s scale) Streak (color of powdered mineral) Specific Gravity Special – magnetic, reacts with acid, ore

5. Mineralogy Silicates Quartz group (SiO 2 ) Ex. agate, jasper, chert, amethyst, opal Olivine (Mg,Fe,Mn,Ni) 2 SiO 4 Pyroxene (various -Si 2 O 6 compounds, mostly Fe and Mg) Amphibole (various –Si 8 O 22 compounds) Feldspar (various –Si 3 O 8 compounds, mostly Ca, Na, K) Garnet (various –SiO 4 compounds) Mica (various –AlSi 3 O 10 compounds) Native elements Ex. Cu, Ag, Au, S, C (diamond or graphite) Sulfides Ex. FeS 2 pyrite, PbS galena Oxides Ex. Magnetite Fe 3 O 4, cuprite Cu 2 O, hematite Fe 2 O 3 Halides Ex. NaCl Halite Carbonates Ex. CaCO 3 calcite, limestone or azurite Cu 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 Sulfates Ex. CaSO 4.2H 2 O gypsum Phosphates ( -PO 4 compounds) H E L P … T H I S I S B O R I N G G G G G G G G G ! ! S T I L L B O R I N G ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

6. Rocks (Petrology) Types : Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary Varying chemistry (minerals: natural compounds) Varying textures –Crystalline –Foliated –Clastic Varying structures –Strata –Massive –Cross-cutting Varying ages (relative and absolute age-dating) –Sedimentary: when deposited – Igneous: age starts when freezes – Metamorphic: when altered by heat/pressure

7. Rock Texture: Crystalline Thin Sections: Dolomite (( Ca, Mg) CO 3 ) Granite (4 minerals) Igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary

8. Rock Texture: Foliated Thin Sections: Phyllite Schist Metamorphic

9. Rock Texture: Clastic Thin Sections: Sandstone (SiO 2 -quartz) Shale (quartz + clay minerals) Sedimentary

10. Rock Structures Strata (layers, bedding) Sedimentary

11. Structure Massive Igneous or sometimes Sedimentary

12. Structure Deformed strata or foliation Sedimentary or Metamorphic

13. What are some online resources? http://teacherfriendlyguide.org http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Home.jsp http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/conten t/investigations/es0610/es0610page02.cfm